Catholic EplBtlea. The canonical epistles of James, Peter, and Jude, and the first of John, are eo called because they are not addressed to any particu- lar individual or church, but to Christians in general (Suicer, Thes. Eccles. U, 15).
Hug gives the following view : " When the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles constituted one peculiar divis- ion, the works of Paul also another, there still remain- ed writings of different authors which might likewise form a collection of themselves, to which a name must be given. It might most aptly be called the common ccUection, KaBoXmbv ovvTayfia, of the apostles, and the treatises contained in it Kotvai and iradoXurai, which are commonly used by the Greeks as synonyms. For this we find a proof even in the most ancient ecclesias- tical language. Clemens Alexandrinus calls the epis- tle which If as dispatched by the assembly of the apos- tles (Acts XV, 28) the * catholic epistle,' as that in which ali the apostles had a share, n)v ivtaroXijv KaBoXiKTJv rSiv 'AtrooroXwv Hiravrbnf, Hence our seven epistles are catholic, or epistles of all the apos- tles who are aathors" (Jntrod. to N.T, % 151). So, also, Eichhom. See Home, Jntrodudion^ pt. \i, ch. iv, § 1. See Epistles, Apostolical.
Catholio League. See Lbaoctb.
Catholioos (icodoXunSc)* (I*) The titlegiyen, under
CATHUA
163
CATTLE
CoDtttntine, to his prociintor, or yiear-general (after the organixatioii of dioceses under imperial law), whose duty it was to see that all imperial rescripts were duly earned oat. So in a letter from Constantino to Eose- biiis (preserved in Socrates, Hitt, Ecdes, i, 9), the em- peror says : ^* Letters have been sent to the dtoucffffttac mOckucSvf that he may provide all things necessary," etc See Suioer, 7%e«. Eeeles. s. v.
(2.) The official title of certidn of the Oriental prel- ates, especially of the patriarchs of the Armenian Church. He is appointed head of that part of the church over which his jurisdiction extends ; he only can ordain bishops and consecrate the sacred oil. The dignity of Catholicos is inferior to that of patriarch, but superior to that of metropolitan. There are three dig- nitaries bearing the title in the Armenian Church at present — the Catholicos of £tchmiadzin,the Catholicos of Aghtanfar, the Catholicos of Sis.— Coleman, Ancient Mstiamtjf, cli. xxvii, § 2. See Armenian Chubgh.
Cathn'Si (Ko^ova), one of the family heads of the ** servants of the Temple" (Nethinim) that returned from Babylon (1 Esdr. v, 80) ; apparently the Giddbl (q. V.) of the Heb. texts (Ezra ii, 47 ; Neh. vii, 49).
Catlin, Jacob, D. D., a Congregational minister, was bom at Hauvinton, Conn., March, 1758, and grad- uated at Tale, 1784. He became pastor in New Marl- borough, Mass., July 4, 1787, was made D.D. by Yale in 1822, and died April 12, 1826. He published a work on theology, Wkat is Truth f (1818) ; a volume, Ser- man collected (1797) ; and a Discourse btfore a Free^mc^ *«•** IaJ^(1796).— Sprague, Annals, ii, 260.
Cattenborgh, Adbien Van, an Arminian or Re- monstrant theologian, bom at Rotterdam Nov. 2, 1664, snd filled the professorship of theology at Amsterdam for twenty-five years. He was intimately connected with Philip Limboich. He died in 1786, leaving (1.) SpidUgiwm Theologim Christiana PhiSppi a UMorch (Amst 1726, 2 vols, fol.) :--<2.) Bibliotheea Scriptorum SetnoHstrantimn (Amst. 1727, 8vo) :— (8.) Syntagma So- piaUitB Mosaicce (ibid. 1787, 4to), against Atheists and Deists. He also wrote a life of Grotius in Dutch. — Hoefer, Now, Biog, GiniraU, ix, 226.
Cattle (the representative in various passages in the A^y. of the Heb. words M^na, hehemah', a large fsadntped in general, usually "beast" [see Behb- motb] ; in Nnm. xx, 4, and Psa. Ixxviii, 48, "T^r^Sl, 1m/, grazing ammoZir, elsewhere << beast;" so the Gr. pwnaifiaraj as being/^d, 2 Mace xii, 11, or S^fifuiTaf from being reared, John iv, 12 ; most frequently and characteristically MS^^, mikneh^ ^possession, as some- times rendered— fi^m the fact that Oriental wealth [*' substance,*' Job i, 8, 10] largely consisted in this kmd of property ; like the Gr. Krnvri, as being possess- ed,! Mace, xii, 28; also idiomatically, n^, seh. Gen. XXX, 8Sf; Isa. vii, 26; xliii, 28; Ezek, xaiiv, 17, 20, 22, an individnal skeep or hmb, as elsewhere rendered ; or -jKS, (son, Gea. xxx, 39, 40, 41, 42, 48 ; xxxi, 8, 10, 12, 41, 43 ; Eccles. ii, 7, sheep collectively or ajbck, as rendered elsewhere), in scriptural usage, embraces the tame quadrapeds employed by mankind for domestic parposes, as oxen, buflkloes, horses, sheep, goats, cam- da, and asses (Gen. i, 26 ; xiii, 2 ; xxxii, 18-17; Ezek. xii, 29; xxxiv, 19; Num. xx, 19; xxxii, 16; Psa. 1, 10). See each of these in thenr alphabetical place.
The Holy Land was eminently distinguished for its abondanoe of cattle, to the management and rearing of which the inhabitants, from the earliest times, chief- ly applied themselves, as indeed they have always constituted the principal and almost only possession of a nomsde race. In this case, wealthy people were ex- posed to all the vicissitudes of the seasons (Gen. xxxi, 'M). Moses was a shepherd during his exile, Shamgar was taken from the herd to be a judge in Israel, and Gideon from his threshing-floor (Jndg. vi, ll)j as were
I Jair and Jephthah from the keeping of sheep ; Saul and David might also be mentioned. Some of the