Chab^d. See Achababa.
Chabatstseleth. See Ross.
Cha'bris (Xa/Spci'c v. r. 'A/3pic, Vnlg. omits), the son of Gothoniel (o rov T.), one of the three " rulers" (dpXo»^«c) ^^ "ancients" (irpeofivTtpoi) of Bethulia (q. V.) in the time of Judith (Jud.vi, 15; viii, 10; x, 6).
Chad, St., bishop of York in the 7th century, waa educated under Aidan at the monastery of Lindisfame. For some years he was head of the monastery of Les- tingra, Cleveland. King Oswi made him bishop of York ; but as Wilfrid had before been consecrated to that see by French bishops, Chad gave it up at the suggestion of Theodore (q. v.), and waa appointed to the see of Lichfield, which he held till his death, March 2, A.D. 672. His name is still preserved in the Cal- endar of the Church of England (March 2), and the Cathedral of Lichfield is named St. Chad's.---Churton, Early English Church, chap. iv.
Chaderton, Laurence, the first master of Eman- uel College, Cambridge, was bom at Cbatterton, in Lancashire, in 1546. His parents were of the Romish religion, but the son, after studying the law, went to Cambridge, where he obtained a scholarship in Christ's College, for which his ikther disinherited him. In 1578 he took his degree of B.D., and was chosen lecturer of St. Clement's Church, Cambridge, where he preached many years; and such was his reputation that Sir Walter Mildmay declared that, if he would not accept the mastership of his college, the foundation should not go on. In the beginning of the reign of James I he was appointed one of the divines at the Hampton Court Conference, and he was also one of the transla- tors of the Bible, translating from Chronicles to the Canticles uiclusive. In 1612 he took his doctor's de- gree. He died in 1640. He wrote a Treatise on Jus- tification, and a sermon preached at St. Paul's Cross. — Rose, New Gen. Biog. Diet, vi, 182 ; Hook, EceL Biogra- phy^ iii, 545.
Cha^'dias, named (1 Esdr. v, 20), in connection with Ammidloi, as one of the (?) places fh)m which 422 persons (" they of Chadias," ol Xahaoai) returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel ; but the He- brew lists (Ezra ii, 26; Neh. vii, 80) do not contain the name.
ChSB'reas (Xoiplac), a brother of Tuno- theus, the leader of the Ammonites against Judas Maccabseus (1 Mace, v, 6), who held Gazara (Jazar, 1 Mace, v, 8), wliere he was plain on the capture of the fortress by the Jews (2 Mace, x, 82, 87).
Chaff (properly yS'^y ^"^^ » &X^pov\ the reftise of winnowed grain, separated by the breeze, and consisting of husks and broken straw. It was the custom in the East to bum the chaff after winnowing. There was dan- ger leet; after they had been separated, the chaff should be blown again among the wheat hy the changing of the wind, and to prevent this they put fire to it at the windward side, which crept on and continued to bum tiy it had consumed all the chaff (Psa. Ixxxiii, 13 ; Isa. V, 4 ; Matt iii, 12). See Aobicul-
TUBE.
The word rendered ** chaff" in laa. v, 24; zzxSl, 11, is TZ}lzpn (chashash^, and means rather dried gnus or hay. In Jer. xxiii, 28, it is ']'2T\ (te'den), elsewhere " straw." In Exod. v, 12, we read "of ^nrib Cp, stvbble for straw; so that it is not the same as' stubble. It means straw cut into small portions, in which state it was mixed with the mud of which bricks were made to give it consistency. See Straw. In 1 Kings iv, 28, mention is made of a mixed provender for bars<^ and camels of barley and l^tjl, such as the Arabs call Ubn to this day. In Dan. il, 85, the term is the Chal- dee 115 (ur). See THBESHiiro.
Chaff in the Scriptures is a fteqnent emblem of abortive wickedness (Psa. i, 4 ; Matt, iii, 12, etc,> False doctrines are called chaff; they are unprodnc- tive, and cannot abide the trial of the word and Spirit of Gk)d (Jer. xxiii, 28). See Baptism op Fire. The carrying away of chaff by the wind is an ardinaiy scriptural image of the destmction of the wicked, and of their powerlessness to resist God's judgments (laa. xvii, 18; Hos. xiii, 8; Zeph. ii, 2).
Chagab. See Locust. . Chagigah. See Talmitd.
Chain (represented by several Heb. and Gr. tenns>. Chains of different metals appear to have been used by the ancients for various puriH>8e8, similar to those of modem times.
1. As a Badge of Office. —The gold chain C^S'n, rabid^ placed about Joseph's neck (Gen. xli, 42), and that promised to Daniel (Dan. v, 7, named tj*'? ^n^ hammk^)j are instances of the first use (comp. 1 Eedr. iii, 6). In Egypt it was one of the insignia of a jud^re, who wore a jeweled image of Thmd or Trath attached to it (Wilkinson's Anc, Egypt, ii, 26) ; it was also worn by the prime minister. In Persia it was considered not only a mark of royal favor (Xenophon, Anab. i, 2, § 27), but a token of investiture (Dan. 1. c ; Mo- rier's Second Journey, p. 93). In Ezek. xvi, 11, the chain is mentioned as the symbol of sovereign^. The breastplate of the high-priest was in like manner fast- ened to the ephod with golden chains (Elxod. T-nei-r 16, 21). See Attire.