Chaplain {papeOamuy, a person who performs di- vine service in a capeUa (chapel). The position of the chaplain was contingent upon the nature of the capeUa, which either denotes a church without parochial righto, an oratory, a sanctuary, or even a part (altar, ete.) of a particular church. See Chapel. Thus the chaplain was sometimes the assistant of a parish priest; some- times even exempted from episcopal jurisdiction. The **royal or palace chaplains" (capetkadregUoTpakOiim) Qsually received large privileges from the popes. At the head of the army chaplains (capdUmi mUUum) was a chaplain general (Capelkmue major regiue), to whom nsually extraordinary faculties were transferred. There
also special diaplsJns hi the eastles of i and in the bouses of wealthy dtiaens. The ***»*p1fim of the bishops usually served as their secretaries. Iht chaplains attached to the papal court were divided into three classes : titular chaplains (copeflaiw komorarii), chaplains assisting at the pontifical ceremoiiies (cer«. ffMNMarM), and chaplains employed as private secreta- ries of the pope (capeUam eecreti). Ghaphuns were also commonly appointed for the religioos eerviees in monasteries, hospitals, and other eodesiaatical instita- tions ; but the most common employment of chaplaixu in the Church of Borne soon became, and still is, Mr- vice at non-parochial churches and sanctuaries, or si assistante of the parish priesto at large churches re- quiring the services of more than one clergyman.
In many of the Protestant churches the name chap- lain was for a long time retained fbr the assistant cler- gymen at large churches, but this use has gndnaBr disappeared, and is now only to be found in a fiew places, especially in Hungary. It is need in moden times as the title of court preachers, of preachers ap- pointed for the chapels of ambassadors or fior private chapels, and more commonly for clergymen app<Mnted exdusively to minister in the army or navy (armr and navy chaplains). *' In England there are 48 chap- lains to the khig, who wait four each month, preach ia the chapel, read the service to the Dunily, and to the king in his private eratoiy, and say grace in the ab- sence of the derk of the doset. WhOe in waiting they have a table and attendance, but no salary. Is Soifcland the king has six chaplafais, with a salaiT of £60 each ; three of them having, in addition, the dean- ery of the chapd royal divided between them, makizig up above £100 to each. Their only duty at present b to say prayers at the election of peers fbr Scotland to sit in Parliament" (Budc, Theological Didumarg, a. v.). In England, **when the system of army chaplaim; was remodelled in 1796, a dkaplam-general was ap- pointed: this office was abolished by the Duke of Wellington soon after the termination of the greai war, but revived by BIr. Sidney Herbert in 1846. The chaplain-general, who receives £1000 per annum, has duties partaking somewhat of those of an archdeacon. He assisto the War Office in sdecting chaplains, and in regulating the religious matters of the army. Bh office forms one of the 17 departments under the new organisation of the War Office. There are about 80 chaplains on the staff, besides assistant dergymen and chapd derks. The commissioned chaplains receirc fh>m 16t. to 28f . per day, and there are always sods on half pay, whUe the assistant clergymen receire from £200 to £400 a year. The whole expenditare for commisUoned chaplains, assistant derg3rmen, chapel- clerks, and church and chapd books, figures fai ikf Army Estimates for 1860-61 at about £45,000. In the navy every ship in commission, down to and in- cluding fifth-rates, has a chaplain. The Navy Esti- mates (1860-^) provide fbr 99 commissioned diap- lains, at stipends varying from £160 to £255 per an- num ; 9 others in district guard-ships, at average sti- pends of about £175 ; and 66 on half-pay, at 5*. to Kk per day. The chaplains perform diivine service at stated times on shipboard, visit the dck sailors, and as- sist in maintaining moral discipline among the crew" (Chambers, Encgchp, s. v.).
In the United States the national government has not only army and navy chaplains, but also chaplains for both houses. Senate and Representatives. Many of the state Legislatures have chaplains also.
Chaplet (French chapel^ a string of heads, er other materid, used by Bomanisto hi counting the numbw of thehr prayers. It is more oommonly called the Rosary (q. v.).
ChapllJi, Daniel, D.D., a Congregational dIb- ister, and native of Rowley, Mass., was bom Dec M, 1748. He graduated at Harvard, 1772, and was made D.D. by the same college in 1817. He was ordained
CHAPLIN
211
CHAPTER
ptftor aft GrotoB, Jan. 1, 1778, aad remained in the same diazge tot fifty yean. His great piety and de- cision of character gave him great influence in the stofmy times of the Revohition, and hie long ministry was acceptable and osefal, until, toward the close of his Ufe, part of his congregation chose a Unitarian mmister. He died in peace in 1881. — Spragne, An- iia^S,150.
ChapHn, Jaiemiab, D.D., a Baptist minister, was boni at Georgetown (then Rowley), Mass., Jan. 2, 1776; gradnated at Brown UniTecsity in 1799, and took clmige of the Baptist Cborch in Danrers, Ifass., tbont 1802. In 1817 he became principal of a theo- logical school in Waterville, Me., of which, after its bdng chartered as WatenrOle College in 1820, he was dected President He held the office thirteen years with great socoess. He was made D.D. by the College of Sooth GaroUna in 1819. In 1888 he resign- ed the presidency of the college, and, after preaching for some time at Rowley, Mass., and at Willington, CouL, finally settled at Hamilton, N. T., where he died suddenly, May 7th, 1841. Dr. Chaplin published The Enmmg ofLiJe; or^ Idgkt and Comfort awidti the Skadotot tfdecUftmg Tears.-Spnfi^e, Atmalty vi, 468 ; Pfttdson, jEWc^ on Dr. CftoplM, Boston, 1848.