Chaplin, Jonathan R, a Methodist Episcopal minister, was bom in Connecticut in 1789, was convert- ed in 1880, and entered the travelling ministry in the Oliio Conference in 1834. He was three years principal of Norwalk Seminary, Ohio, and then remained in the itinerant work in Ohio till 1840, when he removed to the Michigan Conference, and was made principal of White Pigeon branch of the Michigan University. Here he remained until his death in 1846. While young he studied law in the State of New York, and during the war of 1812 was aid-de-camp to (General Porter. Soon after the peace he settled at Urbana, Ohio, where he practiced law till his conversion. In the cause of education he was of lasting service and benefit to the Church in Ohio and Michigan. His care of the institutions oonunitted to him was very sat- isfactory. His last words were, " Live holiness, and preach it fhmi the heart."— i/Mit((e« ofConf, iv, 178.
Chapman O^^D ^*^^% enosh' hat-tur', tnan qf tke jountofing, traveller^ i. e. for purposes of traffic), a trader who transports articles of commerce from the place of production to a mart (2 Chron. ix, 14) ; a mer- chant-man, as the same phrase is rendered in the par- allel passage (1 Kings x, 15). See Merchant.
Chapman, Johk, D.D., an emhient English theo- logian, was bom at Stnthfieldsaye in 1704; studied stKmiifs College, Cambridge, and in 1789 became reo- tor of Mersham, in Kent, from whence, in 1744, he re- moved to the rectorship of Alderton. He afterwards beeame archdeacon of Sudbury, and treasurer of Chi- chester, and died Oct. 14, 1784. The most important of his works are: Eimbiui; or, the true CkriMtUm'e De- fence agamet a late Book entktUed the Moral PhUotopher [by Dr. Morgan] (1789-41, 2 vols, 8vo); MitctUane- (fu TracU relaihg to AntiquUy, revised and corrected^ ^BUh AddUioHM (Jjoad. 174», 8yo) ; Eapedieneg and Cred- ibility ofMiraeulouM Powers among the primitwe Chris- Haas <Uter the Decease of the Apostles (Loud. 1752, 4to). -Darling, Qfclopadia BibUographioa, i, 682; Hook, EeeLBiogrt^,id,66L
Ghappel, William, D.D., bishop of Cork, was bcra at I^zington, Nottinghams., Dec. 10, 1682, and was educated at Mansfield, flrom whence he removed to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he obtained a ^eUowship. By the fiivor of archbishop Laud he was made dean of Cashel, Ireland, in 1688, and soon after provost of Trinity College, Dublin. In 1688 he was Bade bishop of Coric He sufilisred many hardshipe in the Bebellion, and on landing in England was sent to prison, but soon obtained his liberty. He died at Der- hyinlSia. B^wmUMethodusConckmandiQAmdon,
lM8),and A Treatise on the I^ offfolg Scriptttre (Lon- don, 1658, 8vo). The IfAofe /)uty o/*if cm has also been ascribed to him, but vrithout probability. Archbishop Usher and bishop Martin opposed hmi on account of his apparent leaning to Romanist views of discipline. —Hook, Chmrch Dictionary y iii, 654 ; Kippis, Biographia Bntanniea,m,489,
Chappelow, Lbonabd, B.D., an eminent Orient- al scholar, was bom in England in 1688. He was ed- ucated at St John's College, Cambridge, choeen fellow in 1717, and became Arabic professor in that unlversi^ in 1720. He also obtained the livings of Great and LittieHormead. He died in 1768. His principd works are, A Commentary on the Book ofJob, in which is in- serted the Hfbrew Text and EngUJk Translation (Camb. 1752, 2 vols. 4to); Elementa Ut^ Arabiom (1780,8vo) ; Six Assemblies^ or ingenious Conversations of learned Men among the Arabians (1767, 8vo).— Darling, Oydo' podia Bibliogrcqfhica, i, 683 ; Rose, New Gen. Biog, 2>ic<.vi,211.
Chapter, an abbreviated fbrm of the word chapi- ter (q. v.), heading^ e. g. of a column.
CHAPTEtt OF THB BiBLB. The present numeral division of the Scriptures into chapters and verses is, in some respects, of comparatively recent origin. The Pentateuch was divided by the Jews, at an early peri- od, into 6fty-four parshioth (ni*!^*]»D)=sections, one of which was read in the synagogue every Sabbath day (Acts xiii, 16). These sections were subdivided, probably by the Masoretes, into 669 sidrim (p*^yiti), or orders. After the reading of the law, it was also customary, from an early period, to read a passage from the prophets, and with that to dissolve the assem- bly. Such passages were called hqithtoroth (ni*-iD&n) = dismissions, and appear to have been selected ac- cording to the choice of any reader (Acts xiii, 16 ; xzvii, 48; Luke iv, 16). The divisions or sections found in the Greek and Latin manuscripts are diflferent from those of the Hebrew books ; they are of unequal and arbitrary length, and very different from the chap- ters in our printed Bibles. So, also, the books of the New Testament were divided, al an early period, into certain portions, which appear under 'various names. The division into church lessons, read in the assem- blies like the sections of the law and the prophets, was the most ancient Subsequently the New Testament was divided into two kinds of sections, called titles (r^ rXoi) and chapters (jnpaXcua ^heads). The titles were porous of the Go^ls, with summaries placed at the top or bottom of the page. The chapters were divis- ions, with numeral notations, chiefiy adapted to the Gospel harmony of Ammonius. Other sectional divis- ions are occasionally seen in manuscripts, which ap- pear to have varied at difi^rent times and in different churches, accordingly as festival days were multiplied. See BiBLS.