8. ProUstani 3futi(mt,^The first Protestant mission was undertaken by the London Missionary Society, which in 1807 sent the Rev. Robert Morrison to Can- ton, principally for the object of translating the holy Scriptures into Chinese. He was appointed (in 1808) translator of the East India Company's fkctory, with a salary which rendered him independent of the soci-
ety's fund. In 1818 he was Joined by tlie seakos a&A learned Mr. Milne. The translation of the New Tes- tament was completed in 1814; of the whole Bible in 1818. In 1814 the first Chinese convert was baptized, A valuable assistant the missionaries found afterwaris in Leang-Afit (baptized by Mihie in 1816), who diatio- guished himself as the author of several viediiable tracts, and by his seal in preaching the Gospel, aobd In d»> tributing books at the literary examinittionB. Ons of the books distributed on this occasion fell into the hands of the leader of the insurgents, and wss the foundation of his earliest Christian impresaions. The American missions commenced in 1829, when the American Seamen's Friend Sodety sent out two mis- sionaries, <me of whom, in 1880, transferred his aervicee to the American Board of Commissioners of FoieigB Missions, which from that time has had a miseion st Canton. The Rhenish Missionary Society aent out, about 1880, lir. Giitzhiff; who soon became perfectly master of the language, and made freqfuent joomeys through the coast countries of China. He was espe- cially active in circulating the Scriptures, which were received with great eagerness. In 1885 the American Protestant Episcopal Churdi established a mission in Batavia, which in 1842 was removed to Macao. Dur- ing this first period the continual hostility of the Chi- nese compelled the English, American, and Oennaa missionaries to restrict their labors mostly to the print- ing and circulating of Christian books. Pennaneot settlements were only made at Canton, but at ltfi>l%rffs also an Anglo-Chinese college was founded.
The peace of Nankin in 1842, the cession of Hong Kong to the Engli^, and the opening of the five potts to European and American Christians, gave a new im- pulse to missionary seal. The London Missionary So- ciety gave instructions to their Chinese missionsrieB to meet in Hong Kong to consider the plan for fbtore operations. A^^eeably to the recommendations of thia meeting (August, 1848), the Anglo-Chinese college in Malacca was changed into a theological seminary for the training of a native ministry. Also the printing apparatus of the mission was transforred ftmn Mslacos to Hong Kong, and a medical establishment opened in connection with the mission. In 1848 Shanghai wss occupied, and in 1844, Amoy. The American Board stationed missionaries at Amoy in 1842, and at Fnh- chau in 1847. The American Episcopal Board, whose missionary. Dr. Boone, while on a visit to the United States, had been consecrated missionary bishop, fixed on Shanghai as the most suitable station. Other mia^ sionary societies hastened to occupy the intereatins field. The operations of the American Baptist Union commenced in 1842; those of the Southern Baptist Convention (of America) and of the (American) Pres- byterian Board in 1844; those of the Church Mission- ary Society, one of whose missionaries. Rev. George Smith, was appointed bishop of Victoria, in 1849; of the (General Baptist Missionary Society (England) in 1845 ; those of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1846 ; those of the (American) Seventh-day Baptists in 1847 ; those of the Methodist Episcopal Church South in 1848 ; those of the English Wesleyans and the Free Church of Scotland in 1860.
** The first Protestant mission at Fuh-chau was estab- lished by a missionary of the American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions in January, 1847. The mission has averaged three or four fiemnilies since its commencement. In April, 1856, occurred the first bsp- tism of a Chinaman at this city in connection with Protestant missions. In May, 1857, a brick chorch, called the " Church of the Saviour,*' built on the main street in the southern suburbs, and about one mile from the Big Bridge, was dedicated to the worship of God. Its first native church, consisting of four mem- bers, was organized in October of the same year. In May, 1863, a church of seven members was formed at Chang-loh, distant seventeen miles from the city. In
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June of the ssme year a church of nfaie members was organised in the ci^ of Fnh-chan, having been dismiss- ed fAan Uie church in the suburbs to form the church in the city. For the first ten years of tliis mission's existence only one was baptized. During the next fire years twenty-two members were received into the flist church formed. During the next two yean twen- ty-three persons' weie baptised. Between 1868 and 1856 a small boarding-school, i. e. a school where the pupils were boarded, dothed, and educated at the ex- pense of the mission, was sustained in tliis mission. Among the pufrfls were four or five young men, who are now employed as native helpers, and three girls, sD of whom became drarch members, and two of whom are wives of two of the native helpers. There are at present a training-school for native helpers, and a small boarding-echool for boys, and a small boarding- school for girk connected with the mission. It em- ploys six or seven native helpers, and three or four country stations are occupied by it. Part of the mem- bers of this mission live at Ponasang, not fisr from the Chnrdi of the Saviour, and part live in the city, on a hill not fur from the Whiter Pagoda, in houses built and owned by the American Board (see StatiiHc$ ofSo- eiefin, below).