Colleotor {fipxtav ^opoXoyloQ^ chitf of the tribute^ levy\ a t^x-gatherer (1 Mace, i, 29). See Publican.
College occurs (2 Kings xxii, 14 ; 2 Chron. xxxiv, 22) as the translation of t^^^TQ (mithneh\ tecond rank), the residence of the prophetess Huldah (q. v.). The same term is used in Zeph. i, 10 (translated " second"), where the different quarters of Jerusalem are spoken of, and is found more ftdly in Neh. xi, 9 (where, in- stead of " the tecond over the city," the original has hStiO '^^^^ i?, "upon the city second," i. e. over the second part of the city). From all these notices "I can only gather that there was anciently a quarter
or district that went by this appellation, but then s no definite intimation of its position. It may lat« been only another name for Acba (q. v.), or ttie Lovs City, which was built subsequently to the more ftib- ionable portion of the city on Mt Zion. The w«d oc- curs frequently elsewhere in its ordinaiy sigiuficatke of persons or things that occupy a second ^aoe is m- der, dignity, honor, etc. See Jebubat.km.
COLLEGE (Lat. coOeffitany a collection or asno- blage). (1.) " In its Roman signification, a coOep signified any association of persons for a specific par- pose. In many respects it was synonymous with ctr- put, a body or collection of members, a oorporaticiD— with univertikUf a whole as contrasted with its puts — and with tocietas, a company or partnership, at op- posed to aU the members of which it was oompoeed. A Boman college had a oonunon chest, and it ooold sue and be sued in the name of its manager (actor or syndicus), Just like an incorporation with us. It re- quired, idso, to be incorporated by some sort of poblk authority, springing either from the Senate or the em- peror. A college could not consist of fewer than tfarK persons" (Chambers, Encydopadia, s. v.). (2.) The term is applied to any company of persons assodaled upon some common principle ; so we speak of the c^ lege of the apostles ; the college of cardinals ; a cei- lege or eynod of bishops ; and as " three" are requrad for a college, it has come to be usage that three lisfa- ops unite in the act of ordination of bishops. (8.) The word "college" is used also, in England, to designate " an endowed institution connected with a univern^, having fbr its object the promotion of learning. Ia this relation a college is a sub-corporation, L e. a mem- ber of the body known as the University. The coo- stitution of a college in this sense depends wholly oa the will of the founder, and on the regulations which may be imposed by the visitors whom he has ai^toint- ed. In Scotland and in America, the distinction be- tween the college as the member and the unlversitr as the body has been lost sight of, and we oenae- quently bear of the one and the other indiscriminatehr granting degrees, a ftinction which in the English and in the original European view of the matter belonged
COLLEGIA PONTIFKaA
411
COLLIER
exclnaiTely to the nniTenity. Where there is but one college fai a nniversitj, as is the case in the uni- versities of Scotland and most of those in America, the two bodies are of course identical, though the ftino- tiona which they perfinrm are different. In Germany there are no colleges in the English sense ; and though the universities in that country perform precisely the same Amotions as in Scotland, the verbal confusion be- tween the college and the university is avoided by the latter performing the ftmctions of both in its own name, as two separate parts of its proper duties. In France the title * college' has a meaning totally diflbr- ent from that which we attach to it : it is a 8c]k>o1, cor- responding, however, more to the gymnasium of Ger- many than to the grammar-school of this country. An the colleges are placed under the University of France, to which the centralizing tendencies of that country have given a meaning which also differs wide- ly from that which the term university bears in En^^ land** (Chambers, Eme^dop, s. v.). See Uniyebsitt.
Collegia PONTIFICIA {papal coOegeS), institu- tions for training Bomish missionaries ftst service among "heretical'* and pagan nations. The first. was the German college at Rome, founded by Loyola in 1552. Greek, English, Hungarian, Maronite, and Thiaco-Il- lyrian coUeges were established by Gregory XIII. Scottish and Irish colleges followed ; and the institu- tion of the Congregation de prcpoffondajide was suc- ceeded by the erection of the college which bears the same title. More recentiy, an "American college" (1854) and a South American college have been estab- lished.
CoUegial or Collegiate Chnroh: (1.) In the Roman Church, a church served by canons regular or secular. They originated in a desire to have mass conducted in towns which had no cathedral (q. v.), with greater pomp than could be had with one priest. Originally the canons dwelt in common in one college, but this was afterwards abandoned. See Canons. (2.) In England there are several eoUegiate churches, which are served by a dean and a body of canons. They dififor from cathedrals in that the see of the bishop is at the latter. The service is or should be the same in both. They are under the Jurisdiction of the bishop of the diocese in which they are situated, and he exerdses visitorial powers over them. (8.) Several churches connected in one corporation are called *' collegiate" churches : e. g. a combination of several Befbrmed Protestant Dutdi churches in New Torl^ is so styled.