CdUn, Daniel Georo Conbad mns, was born Dec. 21, 1788, at Oerlinghausen, in the principality of Lippe-Detmold, where his fiither was minister. Hit fiumily were of Moravian origin. He studied at Det- mold, Marburg, T&bingen (under Flatt and Sdmurrer), and finally in Gdttingen. In 1816 he became profess- or extraordinarnis of theology at Marburg, and in 1817, at the Reformation Jubilee, he became doctor of the- ology. In 1818 he received a double call, one from Heidelberg to the philosophical, the other from Bres- lau to the theological faculty. He accepted the latter. His academic 4|pcourses, embracing exegetic and his- torical theology, attracted the more gifted among the studente. Besides his occasional academical writings {De JoeHs propheta atate [Marb.1811], SpicHegiam ^ servcUionum exegetico-criiicttrum ad 2^phimieB valieim [Vratisl. 1818], Memoria professorym tkeoi. Marbvy. Philippo Magnammo regnante [YratisL 1827]), Cot^esd-
COLLOPS
413
COLOGNE
onton MAmehdums et ZwingiH Anffiutananm ctgpUa graoiora inter m oonfenmtur [VratUl. I88O3), and many yalnable articles in journals, two books particalarly have made his name universallj known. First, his revision of the first yolome, and the first part of the second volame, of the third edition of MUnscher's CkrutHche DogmengnchidUe (Oassel, 1832 and 1894). This edition formed an epoch in the History of Dog- mas. Bnt his principal book is the BibUtcke Tkeoto- gU (3 Tola. Leips. 1886, edit, by Scholz), which for a long time, especially in its Old-Test^ent part, was consideTdd as the most excellent work on this science. He died on the 17th of Febroary, 1883. In theology he was a moderate Bationalist. See a sketch of him by Schnlz in the abore-mentioned Bibl, Theologie, yoL L— Herzog, JUal-Encgklop, zix, 880.
Collops OF Fat (n^*^D,pMikiA',y2ifti«M), spokon of the thick flakes of fiit flesh upon the haunches of a stall-fed ox, put as the symbol of irreligious prosper- ity (Job XV, 27). See Fat.
CroUyxldianB, a sect of heretics which arose to- wards the doee of the fourth century, so named fh)m a small cake of a cylindrical form (KoWvpiSes, ooUyri- da) which they offered to the Virgin Mary with liba^ titms and sacrifices. They were chiefly Arabian wom- en, who rendered divine honors to the Virgin Mary as a goddess. It is conjectured by Neander that the cake-offering was a transfer of the oblations of the Lord's Supper to the worship of the Virgin, the whole taking tiie shape of a pagan ceremony ; the truth prob- ably being that the corruption was introduced from the pagan worship of Ceres, and that the customary bread- offerings at the heathen feast of the harvest, in honor of Ceres, had been changed for such offerings in honor of Mary. — See Epiphanius, Ecsr, 78 ; Mosheim, Church Histarg, i, 811; Neander, Church History (Torrey's transLX '^ 839.
Colman, an Irish missionary of the 7th century. Colman was the third ecclesiastic who by royal au- thority had been called from Ireland to preside over the see of IJndlsfame, in North Britain. During his and his predecessors* snperintendency, the churches in that country which had been devastated by Penda, the last Pagan king, were restored, and were enjoying great temporal and spiritual prosperity. But about A.D. 662, the Anglo-Saxon clergy, who had desert- ed these churches in the hour of danger, wished to Fetora and to share them at least with the Irish and Ionian missionaries. But here a difficulty arose. The English Catholic Church, as recently reconstructed by Aognstine, and that of the Scoto-Irish, were found to be so dissimilar in doctrine and usage that they could not conduct worship in the same edifices. The differ- ences were numerous; among them were the ques- tion of the Three Chapters (q. v.), de tonsure, and the time of keeping Easter. An appeal to the pope ▼38 useless, fbr long before he had put forth his de- cision ; but the Irish Church and those of lona had not complied with it. Oswy, the king, required the whole to be presented to him for acyustroent. The ^^scnssion was in Irish and Anglo-Saxon, by Colman and Wilf^ the venerable Ceada, bishop of the East Angles, acting as hiterpreter. When the arguments ^^ ended, the king and a majority of the assembly decided for Wilfred and the Anglo-Catholics (see Bede, 10). iii, c. 25). This decision, however, was fer firom effecting peace. The dominant party soon became in- tolerant, and required the dergy of Colman to be reor- «*ined ; that their churches, previous to the perform- ance of Catholic worship, "should be sprinkled with ^wdsed water (Usher, vol. vi, p. 274) ; and also that they should observe many new rites and usages to
which they had been entire strangers. To all of these, J*e the Welsh CHiristians before them, Colman and the most of his clergy refused to submit, and quietly
rehnqaished in North Britain the churches which they
had built or had restored, and in which they had sne- cessfully preached for nearly seventy years. Colman now returned to Ireland, taking with him all hb own countrymen and thirty-six ecclesiastics or students who adhered to his teaching. For the latter he es- tablished on the east of the island an institution long known as *' Mayo oi the English," to which Bede says many flocked firom England, that they might ** gain knowledge and lead a holy life." But, notwithstand- ing his success in his new enterprise, he could not re- cover himself from his former defeat; he went abroad, traveled on the Continent, visited the East, and died about A.D. 676. See Bede, Hut, EceL, 1. c, and also iv, 4 ; Mo(m, History qf Ireland (Am. edit., Philad.).