Culverwell, Nathakiel, M.A., a pious and learned writer. He was fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and died about 1650. We have of him an Elegant and learned Discourse on the Light of Nature (on Prov. XX, 27), with several other treatises (Lond. 1661, 4to). The Light of Nature abounds in striking thoughts, and has passages of rare eloquence.
CumSniiB, YENTiDins, procurator of Judsea imme- diately next to Alexander (a short time after Fadus), and partly in conjunction with Felix (q. v.), B.C. 49- 58; under his administration the commotions broke out that led eventually to the final war with the Ro- mans (Josephus, Ant, xx, 5, 2 and 3; 6,1-3; War, ii, 12,1-7).
Cumberland Pre8b3rterlan Churoh. See Presbyterian (Cumberland) Church.
Cumberland Preabyterians. See Pbbsbt- terians.
Cumberland, Richard, D.D., bishop of Peter- borough, a learned divine and archeologist, was bom in London in 1682, and was educated at St. Paul's School, and Magdalen College, Cambridge. He was made rector of Brampton, and in 1667 vicar of All Hallows, Stamford. In 1691 he was raised to the see of Peter- borough without any solicitation on his part He was previously known by his treatise De Legibus Natures (Lond. 1672, 4to), in answer to Hobbes, and by his Essay on Jewish Weights and Measures (London, 1686, 8vo). He was indefatigable in performing his episco- pal duties. Being advised, on account of his age and infirm state, to relax a little, he replied, " It is better to wear out than rust out." After his death appeared his Ongines Gentium (Lond. 1724, 8vo), and his trans- lation of Sanchoniatho*s Phcnddan History (London, 1720, 8vo). At the age of eighty-three, Dr. Cumber- land, having been presented by Dr. Wilkins with a copy of his Coptic Testament, then just published, commenced, like another Cato, the study of Coptic. **At this age," says Mr. Payne, **he mastered the language, and went through great part of this version, and would often give me excellent bints and remarks as he proceeded in reading of it.'* He died Oct. 9, 1718. Cumberland's theory of morals is set forth in his treatise De Legibus Natwre. Tendency to effect the general good is made the standard of morality. To endeavor to effect the greatest amount of general good is the one great duty, or the one great " law of nature ;" and we know, according to Cumberland, that it is a duty or law of nature, or law of Gk>d, because we know that an individual derives the greatest hap- piness from the exercise of benevolence, and that God desires the greatest possible happiness of all his crea- tures. Carrying out the fundamental principle that the gpreatest general good is to be sought, he deduces
the several particular duties or psrticiilBr " l«w? r nature. " He founds government apon , and tests ii I- the same principle. An abridged traiisljiticn d & work was published by Tyrrel in 1701. Maxw^ ■ Irish clergyman, published a translmtion in m Barbeyrac published a French version in 1741. i third English translation, by the Rev. J<din Toupc D.D., appeared in 1750. On Cumberland as a asii- ist, see Mackintosh, Hist, qf Ethical Pkilofopkg^ p. :• Whewell, Hist, of Moral Philosopky, p. 52.
Cu'mi (cov/u), a mode of Gneclzing the Hefcu is. perative '^'Q^p (*M'mt), signifying rise^ as it is xa» diately explained (Mark v, 41).
Cumin ("lias, hammon\ lit. a costdimaU, Insi a use ; Greek kv^ivov ; and names of similar tmal ii all the Oriental dialects) is an ambeUiferoas f^ai mentioned both in the Old and New Testaments, isfl like the dill and the coriander, continues to be ci^ vated in modem as it was in ancient times in £x» em countries (Pliny, xix, 47). These are simiUr % and used for many of the same purposes as the ssie
Cumin {Cnmimmx Cyminum\ with enlarged vievflf Ike Flower, Capsule, and iemisection of the lacL
and caraway, which supply their place, and are mm common in Europe. AU these plants prodnce frrat?, commonly called seeds, which abound in essentia] oil of a more or less grateful flavor, and warm, stinraks- ing nature ; hence they were employed in andect si in modem times both as condiments (Pliny, xix,f; Apicius, i, 82 ; iii, 18 ; Polyaen. iv, 8, 82) and as xDe£- cines (Mishna, Shali), xix, 2). A native of Upper Egypt and Ethiopia, it is still extensively cuHfrated in Sicily and Malta. It would appear to have bees a favorite herb among the Hebrews, and as late as the last century it retained a place of some importance in pharmacy (see Ehrmann, De cumino^ Argent. 17SS;i, Cumin is first mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii, Sd): " When he (the ploughman) hath made plain the hx thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scat- ter the cumin f" showing that it was extentively cnld- vated, as it is in the present day, in Eastern coonbis, as far even as India. In the south of Europe it is also cultivated to some extent. In the above chapter of Isaiah (ver. 27) cumin is again mentioned: '*For tbe fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrmneot neither is a cart-wheel turned about upon the aam; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, aod th« cumin with a rod." This is most applicable to tbe fruit of the common cumin, which, when ripe, may be separated fh>m the stalk with the slightest stroke, sad would be completely destroyed by the turning romtd of a wheel, which, bruising the seed, would press oat the oil on which its virtues depend (see Diosov. iii,