Dong-gate; Dunghill; Dnnef-port. Seeun- o'Duxo.
Du'^ra (Chal. Dura', fi<'J^^, the cirele, i. q. Hebrew n, 80 the Sept. renders, rb vtpifioXov, but v. r. At- pa ; Vulg. Dura), the plain where Nebud^^ezzar it up his golden colossus to be adored (Dan. iii, 1). iterpreters usually compare Dura to a city mention- 1 by Ammian. Maroell. (xxv, 6), situated near the Ti- ris (Mannert, v, 462) ; or another of the same name iorpa) in Polybius (v, 48, 16) and Ammian. Marcell. uciil, 5), on the Euphrates, near the mouth of the haboras, 7 miles firom Carchemish ; or, finally, one of similar name iAtrjpA) in Susiana (Ptol. vi, 8, 8). But ksse quarters are all too distant fh>m Babylon to have len historically possible, as it is clear from the con- act that "the plain of Dura" could be no other than tat plain (or some part of it) in which Babylon itself U situated (Herod, i, 178), L e. i9iUiMir (Gen.xi,2). wtn against the first of these locations, the tract a kllebebwTekrit, on the left bank of the Tigris (Lay II.— M M M
ard, Nin, and Bab. p. 469), where the name Dur is still found, there are the following objections : (1^ this tract probably never belonged to Babylon ; (2) at any rate, it is too £ur from the capital to be the place where the image was set up, for the plain of Dura was in the promnce or dittriet of Babylon (bns rS'^n^a), and therefore in the vicinity of the city; (8) the name Dur, in its modem use, is applicable to any plain. M. Oppert places the plain (or, as he calls it, the " val- ley") of Dura to the soutii-east of Babylon, in the vi- cinity of the mound ofDowair or Duair. He has dis- covered on this site the pedestal of a colossal statue, and regards the modem name as a corruption of the ancient appellation. The Talmudical notice {Sanhedr. fol. 92, 2: X-TIT n5pa hn-n -75 b«fi< *in3T3) is ob- scure (Buxtorf, Lex, Talm, col. 520). See Lakenuu:h- er, Obaerv, phUol. vii, 28 sq. See Babtlon.
Dunham, Darius, one of the pioneers of Episco- pal Methodism in Canada. He entered the itinerant ministry in 1788, and located in 1800. Mr. Dunham was a man of strong character, great practical ability, and abundant wit and satire. See Wakeley, Heroet ofAfethodiem (N. Y. 12mo) ; Coles, The Supernumerary (N.T.18mo); Stevens, Hiet. of (he Methodist Episccpal Church, vol. iii, ch. vi.
Dnnin, Martin voir, archbishop of Posen, was bom Nov. 11,1774, at Wat, near Rawa. He studied theology at Bromberg and at Rome, in the Collegwm Germamcum, and was ordained priest in 1797. In 1829 be was made administrator of the archdiocese of Posen ; as such he warned, in a pastoral of Dec. 8, 1880, the Polish members of the diocese against taking part in the Polish Revolution. On July 10, 1881, he was consecrated archbishop of Gnesen and Posen. In 1884 he reorganized the episcopal seminaries of those two cities. At the beginning of the year 1837 arch- bishop Dunin found his mind troubled by the devia- tions ftt)m the strict rules of the Church of Rome which had gradually come to be established in his dio- cese with regard to ''mixed*' marriages (between Ro- man Catholics and Protestants). He therefore asked the Prussian govemment to allow him either to pub- lish in his diocese the brief on the subject by pope Pius VIII, or to ask in Rome fbr new instructions, or to proceed according to the bull of pope Bene- dict XIY of the year 1748. All these requests were refused by the Prussian government, and Dunin therefore, on February 27, 1838, by a pastoral letter, forbade the clergy of his diocese, under penalty of sus- pension, to solemnize any mixed marriage at all. A royal rescript {Cdbmeteorder) demanded of him a re- call of this letter; and, when he declined this, a min- isterial rescript declared it null and void. Against the archbishop himself criminal proceedings were begun. Before the sentence was published, the king, in March, 1839, called him to Berlin to attempt a compromise. When it was found impossible to effect this, the arch- bishop was sentenced on April 25 to six months' im- prisonment in a Prussian fortress. The king pardoned him, and again summoned him to Berlin to make prop- ositions for a compromise; but when the archbishop suddenly, without informing the government, left Ber- lin on Oct. 4, he was rearrested on Oct. 6, and removed to the fortress of Colberg. There he remained until August, 1840, when the new king, Friedrich Wilhelm rv, desirous to end the conflict between the State and the Church of Rome, set him at liberty, after Dunin had signed certain declarations. He now instracted his clergy to desist fhmi demanding any promises ftxnn persons about to conclude a ^ mixed" marriage, but also to refhun ftxnn anything that might hnply an approval of such marriages. Another pastoral letter of February, 1842, provided that in the ease of persons who, contruy to the provisions of the Church, had concluded a mixed marriage, the priests must, in each individual case, Judge by the disposition of the parties
DUNKERS
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DUNS SCOTUS
whether they might admit them to ilie sAcraments or not. The archUshop died Dec. 26, 1842. See Pbus- BiA. A IIISb of archbishop Danin was published by F. Pohl (Martm vtm Jhmm, Harienborg, 1848). The oonflict of archbishop Donin and of archbishop Droete (q. y.\ of Cologne, with the Prussian government, is treated of in a special work by the Church historian K. Ease (Die beiden Erzbitckdfe, Leips. 1889).— Herzog, Real-En^ iii, 549; Wetzer und Welte, Kirch.'Lex. iii, 834.