DuBt (nsnally *1&^, aphar'; bat p^M, atbak^puU •ulencA, in Exod. ix, 9 ; Isa. v, 24 ; xxix, 5 ; Ezek. ;vl, 10; Nah. i, 8; "powder,** Dent, xxxviii, 24; d pno, shach^akj or fanpalpable dost, Isa. xl, 15 ; ^'Ij dakak\ to <nteira<e, 2 Chron. xxxiv, 4; Gr. n>- )pr6c ; bat x<^» <^) ^ Mark yi, 11 ; Rev. xyiii, ). In the immediate vicinity of Judsa there are St plains or deserts of fine sand, which, when agi- :ed by a violent wind, makes most terrific and deso- ;ing storms. Eastern travellers describe them par- olarly, and think them more dreadfnl than storms sea. This affOTds ns a striking illustration of the tore and honors of the plague, mentioned in Exod. ti, 16, 17, when the extremely fine and penetrating ist of the land of Egypt was converted into gnaU. tnong the various fearful punishments denounced in e event of their forsaking Jehovah, the Hebrews are reatened that the rain of their land shall become powder and dnst** (Deut. xxviii, 24). See Storm. mong the Hebrews, to cast dust or ashes upon the )ad was a signi of mourning (Josh, vii, 6), and sitting . the dust was a sign of extreme afiiiction (Isa. xlvii, ; Lam. iil, 29). See Gbief. The term **dust** is ten used figoratively, sometimes to denote the grave rob vii, 21) or death itself (Gen. iii, 19 ; Psa. xxii, 15), •metimes to express a numerous people (Num. xxiii, )), and sometimes a low or mean condition (1 Sam. ,8; Nah. iii, 18> See Wemyss, aynAcl, Diet s. v. o shake or wipe off the dust of a place from one*s let marks the renouncing of all intercourse with it in iture (Matt, x, 14 ; Acts xiii, 51). To ** lick the dust** gnifies the most al^ject submission (Psa. Ixxii, 9). In ^ost every part of Asia those who demand justice gain^ a criminal throw dust upon him. Thus SU- lei cast dust at David (2 Sam. xvi, 18), signifying by lat action that David ought to be put to death. This iew is confirmed by the conduct of the Jews to Paul ; 'hen they seized him in the Temple they cried out. Away with such a fallow from the earth, for it is not t that he should live ; and as they cried out, and cast ff their clothes, and threw dust into the air, the chief aptain commanded him to be brought faito the castie*' Acts xxii, 28). See Abhbs.
Dotch Refozmed Chnroh. See Rbfobmed
Jhcrch.
DnteiiB, Louis, was bom at Tours, IVance, Janu- ry 16, 1780. When h€ was about eighteen his sister ras put into a convent by order of the archbishop of Tours. This violence so irritated tlie young man that le left his country and settled in England, where he ntered the mhiistry of the Established Church, and >ecame rector of Ekdon, in Northumberland. He died Q London, March 28, 1812. Dutens was a man of raried culture ; was a member of the Royal Society, tnd had the taie of historiographer to the khig. Be- Ides writing numerous works in science and literature, le edited the works of Leibnitz, Cjpsra Omma nuttepri- ww coUectOf etc (Geneva, 1769, 6 vols. 4to) ; Le Toe-
Aft, 1769 (against the infidels of the 18th centui^ ; re- printed under the title. Appeal to Good Sense (Lond. 1777, 8vo); De f^/wc, du Pape, etc. (Geneva, 1781, 8vo); Jiecherchet sur Vorigint de$ dicouvertes cUtribuis aux modemes (Paris, 1766, 8vo ; 4th edition, 1812, 8vo ; translated, An Inquiry into the Origin of the Discoveries attributed to the Modems, London, 1769, 8vo).— Hoefer, Now, Biog, Ginsrale, xv, 496.
Dutoit, Jeah Philippe, also called Dutoit-Mem- brini, was bom at Moudon (Switzerland) in 1721. He devoted himself at an early age to the study of theol- ogy at the academy in Lausanne, and in 1747 became a candidate for the ministry, but he never took a pas- toral charge. In 1750 he had a severe illness, during which he underwent a thorough religious change. He was accustomed to preach extemporaneously, and al- though his sermons were generally long, he always at- tracted large audiences. It was not unusual to see, at the close <^ his discourses, men who had lived in en- mity with each other be reconciled. In 1754, liaving accepted the appointment of missionary preadier and catechist, he resigned it after fourteen days. In 1759 impaired health obliged him to desist firom preaching, and he caused his name to be stricken fh)m the list of clergymen. He now devoted himself with all his en- ergy to the study of the Church fothers, especially the Mystics. He himself became a strong representative of Mysticism in the French Reformed Church. His opposition to Voltaire, as well as his seclusion, made him nuu|y enemies, and on the 6th of January, 1769, while on a bed of siclmess, he was suddenly visited by the police, and, by order of the authorities, his papers and manuscripts were seized and forwarded to Berne ; but, as his books were found to be of a very innocent character, nothing came of the affiur. Upon Dutoit these proceedings made a lasting impression, much greater tlian could have been supposed of so pious a man. He never recovered from the shock, and died surrounded by a circle of friends and admir- ers, January 21, 1798. Dutoit is highly spoken of by the historians Monnard and Oliver, and of late atten- tion has been called to his writings by a memob of his life and works by Jules Chavannes, in the ChriOen hangeUque^ 1861, p. 289, 869, 684. The most impor- tant works of Dutoit are Philosophie (firane, etc., par Keleph ben Nathan, 8 vols. 1798; Philosophie chrS- tienne, 4 vols. 1800 ; and an edition of the Letters of Madame Guyon, with additional reflections. — Herzog, JUal-Encyklop, xix, 441 sq.