Ijinser, Hieronymus, a Roman Catholic divine, and one of the most violent of Luther's opponents in the Reformation, was born at L'lm INIarch 2G, 1477. After having begun his studies at Tiibingen, he went to continue them at Basle, where be applied him- self to jurisprudence, theologj', and Hebrew. He ac- companied cardinal Raymond de Gurk, who had ap- pointed him his chaplain and secretary, through Ger- manv and Italy in 1500-1502. Some time after he became lecturer at Erfurt, which he quitted (1504) to reside at the University of Leipzic, wliere he taught canonical law. About the same time, George, duke of Saxony, took him as his private secretarj'. The duke, who had a desire to procure the canonization of bishop Benno, of Meissen, emploj'cd Emser to visit a number of convents, especially in Bohemia, to collect information concerning Benno; and in 1510 sent him to Rome. On his return from Rome he received from tlie duke two prebends, at Dresden and Meissen. Aljout this time he also appears to have been conse- crated a priest. His recover}' from a severe sickness he ascribed to the intercession of bishop Benno, and was thereby induced to write a eulogy of him {Divi Bennonis Vita., Lips. 1512). With Luther, whose re- formatory zeal had already begun to attract attention, Emser remained on good terms until the time of the Leipzig disputation (1519). Luther called him Emser noster (()ur Emser), and was kindly received by Emser when he had to preach before duke George at Dres- den. The literary controversy between Emser and Lutlier commenced soon after the Leipzic disputation with a letter from Emser to Dr. Zack, provost at Leit- meritz, in which the opinion was expressed that Luther had nothing in common with the Bohemian Hussites, and an intimation was given that Luther was ready to abandon his reformatory views. As Emser, who was descended from a noble fomily, used in this letter his escutclieon, the forepart of a he-goat, Luther address- ed his very bitter reply to the " Wild-goat Emser" (ad jEgocerofem Emseranum, Wittenberg, 1519), and in his subsequent writings generally called him "the he- goat of Leipzic," or " He-goat Emser." In his reply, Emser called Luther's theology "novel and cynic," and represented Luther's reformator}' labors as merely the result of the jealousy of the Augustinian monks against the Dominicans. Emser also attacked Carl- stadt, Zwingle, Pirkheimer, and other reformers ; was soon joined by Eck, and thus helped to kindle a vio- lent controversy all through Germany. In 1520- Lu-
ther burned Emser's writings along with the papal bull and the decretals. As Emser's works were al- most wholly personal invectives, the interest in them soon ceased, and in the history of the Reformation they are of little significance. As duke George for- bade Luther's translation of the Bible, Emser, in 1527, published another German translation made from the Vulgate. Emser branded Luther's version as a lioiTi- ble corruption ; but at present even the Roman Cath- olic writers of Germany acknowledge that Emser's version is of no value, and, in a literary point of view, greatly inferior to that of Luther. Emser died Nov. 8, 1527, where and how is not known. The titles of the numerous works of Emser may be found in Wal- dau, Nachrichten von Emser s Leben und Sckrifkn (Aus- pach, 178.S). See Neudecker, in Herzog, Real-Encgkl. iii, 782 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Giner. xvi, 17. (A. J. S.)
En- (Heb. Eyn-, "p^", constr. of "py? ^ fountain), a prefix to many names of places in Heb. (e. g. En-gedi, En-gammin, En-dor, En-hadduh, En-hazor, En-harod, En-mishpah, En-eglaim, En-sbemesh, En-rogel, En- tannim [Neh. ii, 13], En-tappuah) ; all so called from a living spring in the vicinity ; and corresponding to the Arabic prefix Ain- (Robinson, Researches, iii, 225), in which language, as also in the Syriac and Ethiopic, it has the same signification ; in two instances (Josh. xxi, 16 ; Num. xxxiv, 11) it stands alone as the name of a place (q. d. "the spring") ; also in the dual. Exam (q. v.), and plural Anim (q. v.), the latter likewise in the Aramaic form Eiion (q. v.). See AiN.
Enaim. See Enam.
E'nam (Heb. with the art. ha-Eynam' , CJ"^^'!!, doubtless a contraction for C"';^^;t^, the two springs; Sept. 'HrfiV/t v. r. 'Rvadp and Mniai'i, Yulg. Enaim'), a city in the lowlands of Judah, mentioned between Tappuah and Jarmuth (Josh, xv, 34). From its men- tion with towns (Jarmuth and Eshtaol for instance) which are known to have been near Timnath, this is very probably the jilace in the "entrance" of which (perhaps at a fork of the road) Tamar sat to intercept her father-in-law on his way to Timnath (Gen. xxxviii, 14), (D^;"^^' nrs, ;je7Aac^ Eyna'yim, i. e. dooricay of Enaim, or the double spring; Sept. «i irvXat Aivch', Vulg. bivium itlneris, A.V. "an open place;" comp. Eeland, Pakest, p. 7G1). Eusebius and Jerome {Ono- mast. s. V. 'Hj'fn//, Enaim) state that it was "still a village Bethenim (BcS-Ei'i/i) near the terebinth ;" mean- ing probably "Abraham's oak," 22 miles S. of Jerusa- lem (jb. s. V. 'AoK-oj, Arboch), near Heliron (Robinson, Res. ii, 443). Schwarz in like manner identifies Enam with "the village Beth-Ani, distant 2i English miles from Saafir" {Palest, p. 102); meaning apparently Beit-Amir, which is laid down on Van de Velde's Map at that distance S.W. of Bir es-Zafaraneh, in the re- gion N.E. of Hebron. But this site is appropriated to Beth-anoth (q. v.), with which the similarity of names has doubtless caused these authors to confuse Enam. The place in question lay in the group of cities situated N.W. of Hebron, on the border of the tribe of Dan (Keil, Comment, on Josh, in loc). It is perhaps the present Deir el-Butm, with a Mell adjoining, laid down by Van de Velde {Maji) a little beyond Deir Dubban, N. of Eleutheropolis.