E'nan (Heb. Eynan, 'i3"'", born at a fntntain, q. d. fontanus; Sept. klvcw), the father of Ahira, which latter was phylarch of the tribe of Naphtiili at the Ex- ode (Num. i, 15 ; ii, 29 ; vii, 78, 83 ; x, 27). B.C. ante 1657. See also Hazak-Enan.
Enas'ibus ('Ei/ricri/Soe, Vulgate Eliasib), given (1 Esdr. ix, 34) as the name of one of " tlie sons of Moani" who had married a Gentile wife after the exile, in place of the Euasuib (q. v.) of the Heb. text (Ezra X, 36).
Enccenia {tyKaima'). (1.) When heathen temples
ENCAIIP
186
ENCA3IP
were converted to Christian use, they were purified by a solemn dedication, called Encmnia, and by the sign of tlie cross ; tlu'v also received new and appropriate names (Kiddle, ylj?//^. vi, 2). (2.) At a later period en- cania denoted festivals kejjt in memory of the dedica- tion of oliurches. In the church of Jerusalem, Iniilt by Constantino to the honor of our Saviour, it was custom- ary to observe an anniversary festival which lasted ei.icht days, during; which divine service was perform- ed. The practice was soon adopted by other churches. In England the first Saxon bishops allowed the people liberty on the annual feasts of the dedication of their churches, to build themselves booths round the church, and to entertain themselves with eating and drinking. In German such a feast is called Ki?-chueihe, church- consecration, whence the English name Church- wake. The ceremonies and solemnities instituted at Oxford in honor of founders and benefactors of col- leges are' called enccBnia. — Bingham, t'r/j. £t'c/e.j. bk. XX, ch. viii, § 1. See Dedication.
Encamp (l^'H, chanak', to decline, e. g. of the day, Judg. xix, 9, i. e. evening; hence to "pitch" a tent. Gen. xxvi, 17, especially to "caw/j" down at night, as often rendered), among the Hebrews, primarilj'- de- noted the resting of an army or companj' of travelers at night (Exod. xiii, 20 ; Num. i, 50 ; comp. Exod. xvi, 13 ; Gen. xxxii, 21), and hence the derivative noun (n^M^, machaneh', camp, once niDri'^, macha- iiQtk' , 2 Kings vi, 8) is applied to the army or caravan when on its march (Exod. xiv, 19; Josh, x, 5; xi, 4; Gen. xxxii, 7, 8). See Mahanaim. Sometimes the verb refers to the casual arrangement of a siege (Psa. xxix, 3) or campaign (1 Sam. iv, 1), and occasionally it is extended to the signification of a permanent abode (Isa. xxix, 1). Among nomadic tribes war never at- tained the dignity of a science, and their encampments were consequently devoid of all the appliances of more SA'stematic warfare. See War.
1. The description of the camp of the Israelites, on their march from Egypt (Xum. ii, iii), supplies the greatest amount of information on the subject : what- ever else may be gleaned is from scattered hints. The tabernacle, corresponding to the chieftain's tent of an ordinarj^ encampment, was placed in the centre ; and around and facing it (Num. ii, 1), arranged in four grand divisions, corresponding to the four points cf the compass (but not necessarily in the strict quadrangu- lar form usually represented, since modern Arab cara- vans are ranged at night in a nearh^ circular manner), lay the host of Israel, according to their standards (Num. i, .52; ii, 2). On the east the post of honor was assigned to the tribe of Judah, and round its standard rallied the tribes of Issachar and Zebulon, descendants of tile sons of Leah. On the south lay Keuben and Simeon, the representiitives of Leah, and the children of Gad, the son of her handmaid, liachel's descend- ants were encamped on the western side of the taber- nacle, the chief place being assigned to the tribe of Epbraim. To this position of Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin, allusions are made in Judg. v, ll, and Psa. Ixxx, 2. On the north were the trii)es of Dan and Napthali, the children of Bilhah, and the tribe of Ash- cr, (Jad's younger brother. All these were encamped around their standards, each according to the ensign of the house of his fathers. In the centre, round the tabernacle, and with no standard but the cloudy or fiery pilliir which rested over it, were tlie tents of the priests and Levites. The former, witii INIoscs and Aaron at their head, were encanqied on tlie eastern side. On the south were the Kohathites, who had charge of the ark, the table of shew bread, the altars and vessels of the sanctuary. The Gershonites were on the west, and when on the march carried the tal)er- nacle and its lighter furniture; while the IMerarites, who were encamped on the north, had charge of its heavier appurtenances. The order of encampment
was preserved on the march (Xum. ii, 17), the signal for which was given by a llast of the two silver trum- pets (Num. x, 5). The details of this account supplj' Prof. Blunt with some striking illustrations of the un- designed coincidences of the books of Moses {Undes. Coincid. p. 75-86).
In this description of the order of the encampment no mention is made of sentinels, who, it is reasonable to suppose, were placed at the gates (Exod. xxxii, 26, 27) in the four quarters of the camp. This was evi- dently the case in the camp of the Levites (ccmp. 1 Chron. ix, 18, 24 ; 2 Chron. xxxi, 2).