The biblical notices of Enoch were a fruitful source of speculation in later times. Some theologians dis- puted with subtilt}' as to the place to which he was removed, whether it was to Paradise or to the immedi- ate presence of God (comp. Feuardentius, ad Iren. v, 5), though others mere wisely declined to discuss the question (Thilo, Cod. Apocr. N. T. p. 758). On other points there was greater unanimity. Both the Latin and Greek fathers commonh' couple Enoch and Elijah as historic witnesses of the possiiiility of a resurrec- tion of the body and of a true human existence in glory (Iren. iv, 5, 1 ; Tertull. de Resurr. Cam. p. 58; Jerome, c. Joan. J'lierosol. § 29, 32, p. 437, 440) ; and the voice of eailv ecclesiastical tradition is almost unanimous in regarding them as "tlie two witnesses" (Rev. xi, 3 sq.) who should fall before "the beast," and afterwards be raised to heaven before the great
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judj^ment (Hippol. Fragm. in Dan. xxii; de Antkhr. xliii, Cosmas Indie, p. 75, ap. Thilo, ku-ci t>)v LkkXi]- aiaariKtiv TrapaoofTiv ; Tertull. de Anima, p. 59; Am- bros. in Psalm, xlv, 4 ; Evang. Nicod. c. xxv, on which Thilo has ahnost exhausted the question, Cod. Apoc. N. T. p. 765 sq.). This belief removed a serious diffi- culty which was supposed to attach to their transla- tion^ for thus it was made clear that they would at last discharge the common debt of a sinful humanitj', from which they were not exempted by their glorious removal from the earth (Tertull de Anima, 1. c. ; Au- gust. Op. imp. c. Jul. vi, 33). la later times Enoch was celebrated as the inventor of writing, arithmetic, and astronomy (Euseb. Pmp. Ev. ix, 17). He is said to have filled 300 books with the revelations which he received, and is commonly identified with Edris (i. e. the learned), who is commemorated in the Koran (cap. 19) as one "exalted [hy God] to a high place" (comp. Sale, ad loc. ; Hettinger, Hist. Orient, p. 30 sq.). Visions and prophecies were commonly ascribed to him, which he is said to have arranged in a book. This book was delivered to his son, and preserved by Noah in the ark. After the Flood it was made known to the world, and handed down from one generation to another (see Yuchasin, f. 134; Eusebiiis, I/isf. Eccles. yii, 32; Ce- dren. Hist. p. 9 ; Barhebr. Chron. p. 5). But these traditions were probal)ly due to the apocryphal book ■which bears his name (comp. Fabric. Cod. Pseudep. V. T. i, 215 sq.). See below. Some (Buttm. Mylhol. 1, 17G sq. ; Ewald, I. c.) have found a trace of the historj' of Enoch in the Phrygian legend of Annacus (^'Avva- Koc. ^avvaKoc), who was distinguished for his piety, lived 300 j'ears, and predicted the deluge of Deuca- lion.— Smith, s.v. ; Kitto, s.y. See Heber, Depietate etfjtis Enochi (Bamb. 1789) ; Bredenkamp, in Paulus, Memor. ii, 152; Danz, in Meuschen's A^ T. Talm. p. 722 ; Schmieder, Comment, in Gal. iii, 19 (Nurnb. 1826), p. 23 ; Buddei Hist. Eccles. V. T. i, 162 ; Drusius, De Henoch, in the Crit. Sacri, I, ii ; Pfeifter, Decas select, exerc. p. 12; D'Herbelot, Biblioth. Or. i, 624; Robert- son, The Prophet Enoch (Lond. 1860) ; Pfaff, De raptu //ewoc/ii (Tub. 1739); Hall, H wl-s, xi,185; Alexander, Hist. Eccles. i, 142; Calmet, Commeniui'y, viii, 10, 27; Hunter, SacredBlog. p. 24 sq. ; Robinson, Script. Char. i; Rudge, Led. on Gen. i, 72 ; Evans, Script. Biog. iii, 1 ; Kitto, Bible Illust. i, 123 ; Bell, Enoch's Walk{LonA. 1658) ; Heidegger, Hist. Patriarchnrnm, i ; Saurin, Disc, i, 65 ; Boston, Sermons, i, 230 ; Doddridge, Worlcs, iii, 329; Slade, Sermons, ii, 447; Williams, Sermons, ii, 367.
3. The third son of Midian, and grandson of Abra- ham by Keturah (Gen. xxv, 4, A. V. " Hanoch ;" 1 Chron. i, 33, " Henoch"). B.C. post 1988.
4. The eldest son of Reuben (A. V. " Hanoch," Gen. xlvi, 9 ; Exod. vi, 14 ; 1 Chron. v, 3), from whom came " the family of the Hanochites" (Num. xxvi, 5). B.C. 1873.
5. In 2 Esdr. vi, 49, 51, "Enoch" stands in the Lat. (and Eng.) version for one of the two famous amphib- ious monsters, doubtless correctly Behemoth in the Ethiopic.
ENOCH, BOOK OF, one of the most important re- mains of early apocalyptic literature. The interest that once attached to it has now partly subsided ; yet a document quoted, as is generally believed, by an in- spired apostle (Jude, ver. 14, 15\ can never be wholly devoid of importance or utility in sacred literature. From its vigorous style and wide range of speculation, the l)ook is well worthy of the attention which it re- ceived in the first ages, and recent investigations have still left many points for further inquirj'.
I. Historij of the Booh.- — Tiie first trace of its exist- ence is generally found in the epistle of Jude (14, 15; comp. Enoch, i, 9), but the words of the apostle leave it uncertain whether he derived his quotation from tradition {\iofl\o.a.nn,Schriflheioeis, i,420) or from writ- Ill.— P