ing (tirpofrjrevaev .... 'Evojx \sywv), though the wide spread of the book in the 2d century seems al- most decisive in favor of the latter supposition. In several of the fathers mention is made of Enoch as the author, not only of a prophetic writing, but of various productions. Some such work appears to have been known to Justin (Apol. ii, 5), Irenaeus (adv. Haer. iv, 16, 2), and Anatolius (Euseb. //. E. vii, 32). Clement of Alexandria (Eclog. p. 801) and Origen (yet comp. c. Cels. V, p. 267, ed. Spenc.) both make use of it, and nu- merous references occur to the " wiiting," books," and "words" of Enoch in the Testavient of the XII Patri- archs (q. v.) — a document which Nitzsch has shown to belong to the latter part of the 1st century or the be- ginning of the second, and which presents more or less resemblance to passages in the present book (Fabricii Cod. Pseudep. V. T. i, 161 sq. ; Gfrorer, Proph. Pseudep. 273 sq.). TertuUian (De cuUufuem. j, 3; compare De Idol. 4) expressly quotes the book as one which was "not received by some, nor admitted into the Jewish canon" (in armarium Judaicum), but defends it on ac- count of its reference to Christ ("legimus omnem scripturam redificationi habilem divinitus inspirari"). Augustine (Z>e Civ. xv, 23, 4) and an anonymous writ- er, whose work is printed with Jerome's (Brer, in Psalm, cxxxii, 2; compare Hil. ad Psalm. 1. c), were both acquainted with it ; but from their time till the revival of letters it was known in the Western Church only by the quotation in Jude (Dillmann, Einl. Ivi). In the Eastern Church it was known some centuries later. In tlie 8th centuiy, Georgius Syncellus, in a work entitled Chronograph in, that reaches from Adam to Diocletian, made various extracts from "the first book of Enoch." In the 9th century, Nicephorus, pa- triarch of Constantinople, at the conclusion of his Chro- nographim Compendium, in his list of canonical and tm- canonical books, refers to the book of Enoch, and as^ signs 4800 gtixoi as the extent of it. After this time little or no mention appears to have been made of the production until Scaliger printed the fragments of S}-ncellus regarding it, which he inserted in his notes to the Chronicus Canon of Eusebius. In consequence of such extracts, the book of Enoch excited much at- tention and awakened great curiosity'. At the begin- ning of the 17th centurj' an idea prevailed that it ex- isted in an Ethiopic translation. A Capuchin monk from Egypt assured Peiresc that he had seen the book in Ethiopic, a circumstance which excited the ardor of the scholar of Pisa so much that he never rested until he obtained the tract. But when Job Ludolph went afterwards to Paris to the Roj-al Librarj', he found it to be a fabulous and silly production. In consequence of this disappointment, the idea of recov- ering it in Ethiopic was abandoned. At length, in 1773, Bruce brought home three copies of the book of Enoch from Abyssinia in MSS., containing the Ethio- pic translation complete. " Amongst the articles," he states, ' ' I consigned to the library at Paris was a veiy beautiful and magnificent copj' of the prophecies of Enoch in large quarto. Another is amongst the books of Scripture which I brought home, standing immedi- ately before the book of Job, which is its proper plaoe in the Abj^ssinian Canon ; and a third copy I have pre- sented to the Bodleian Library at Oxford liy the hands of Dr. Douglas, bishop of Carlisle." As soon as it was known in England that such a present had been made to the Royal Library at Paris, Dr.Woide, lilirarian of the British Museum, set out for France with letters from the secretary of state to the ambassador at that court, desiring him to assist the learned bearer in pro- curing access to the work. Dr. Woide accordingly transcribed it, and brought back with him the copy to England. The Parisian MS. was first publicly noticed by the eminent Orientalist De Sacy in 1800, who translated into Latin ch. i, ii, iii, iv-xvi; also xxii and xxxi. These he also published in the Magasin Encij- clopedique (VI, i, 382 sq.). Mr. Murray, editor of
ENOCH, BOOK OF
226
ENOCH, BOOK OF
Bnice's Travels, gave some account of the book from the traveller's own MS. The Ethiopic text, however, was not published till the edition of archbishop Lau- rence from the 15odleian oMS. in 1838 {Libii Enoch ver- sio yEtkiojdai. . . . Oxon.). But in the interval Lau- rence published an English translation, with an intro- duction and notes, which passed through three editions (r/iC Book of Eiioch, etc., by IJ. Laurence ; Oxford, 18-21, 18:53, 1838). Ihe translation of Laurence form- ed the basis of the German edition of HofiFmann {Das Buck Henoch ... A. E. Hoffmann, Jena, 1833-38) ; and Gfrorer, in 1810, gave a Latin translation con- structed from the translations of Laurence and Hoff- mann {Pr(yphetce vetcres Pseudepigraphi . . . ed. A. F. Gfrorer, Stuttgartias, 1810). According to Angelo Mai, there is a MS. copy of the book of Enoch among the Ethiopic codices of the Vatican, which must have been brought into Europe earlier than Brace's MSS. In 1834 L>r. KUppell procured another MS. of Enoch from Abyssinia, from which Hoffmann made the second part of his German version. All these editions were super- seded bj' those of Dillmann, who edited the Ethiopic text from five IMSS. (^Liher Henoch, jEthiopice, Lipsise, 1851), and afterwards gave a German translation of tlie book with a good introduction and commentarj' {Das Buch Henoch . . . von Dr. A. Dillmann, Leip- zig, 1853). The work of Dillmann gave a fresh im- pulse to the study of the book. Among the essaj's which were called out by it, the most important were those of Ewald {Ueher dcs jEthiopischen Buches Henoch Entstcliung, etc., Gottingen, 1856) and Hilgenfeld (Z>. JiuUgche Apokahjptik, Jena, 1857). The older litera- ture on the subject is reviewed by Fabricius (Cod. Pseudep. V. T. i, 199 sq.).