Gannim. Sec Ex-gannim.
Gans, David, a Jewish historian, was born aliont the middle of the 16th century. He is considered by Jost to be an untrustworthj' writer. Among his best works are Zermneh David, or The Branch of David, in two parts ; of which the first is a chronicle of sacred ond Jewish history from the Creation to 1592 ; the .«;econd recounts some of the events of secular history (Prague, 1592; Furth, 1784). He died in Prague in 1613. — Griisse, A llgem. LiterMrgeschichte, y, § 311 ; Jost, Ceschichte d. Jndenthums, iii, 215 ; Etheridge, Introd. to Ilthr. Lit. p. 444. (J. II. W.)
Gap Cj''^Q, pe'rets, a breach, as elsewhere render- ed), a rent or opening in a wall (Ezek. xiii, 5 ; comp. Amos iv, o). The Jewish false prophets did not stand in the gap (Ezek. xxii, SO); tiiey did nothing to stop the course of wickedness which opened a door for the vengeance of God to break in upon their natioi . See Perez.
Gar (rnt,-,Vulg. Sasus), a man whose "ftns" are named in the Apocrypha among the " sons of the serv- ants of Solomon" (1 Esdr. v, 34). There are not in the lists of Ezra and Ncheniiah any names correspond- ing to the two preceding and the six succeeding this name. — Smith, s. v.
Garasse, Fkancis, a French Jesuit, was lorn at Angoulcme in 1685; in 1600 he entered the society, and after teaching for a uhile tcok the vows in 1G18. He subsequently wrote becks of controversy (mostly under false names, f.nd of which he rcpeatedh' denied being the author). 1 heir sarcastic tone, violent out- burst of passion, and wholesale abuse of all whom he considered as enemies of his order, provoked the cen- sure of Reman Catliolics themselves. 1 he expres- sions yoo/, sot, ass, etc., abound in liis writings against the Protestants. The expressions Mcdestia, uffuhilita- ie, mansuetudine, supra mudum (.muhil's, ajiplied to him by the historian of his order, Avill always appear to anj' one acquainted with bis works as a bitter sarcasm rather than a compliment. When the plague broke out at Poitiers, where he had been exiled hy his supe- riors for writing a Somme ihcolor/'iqiie (1G25, fol.), which was condemned by tlie Sorbonne, he a.'ked permission to devote himself to the care of the sick, and fell a vic- tim to his devotion June 14, 1631. Among his other works we notice Elixir Cahinisticum (1615, 4to), under the name of Andrew Scioppius : — Craisonftmihre d' An- dre de Kesmond (1656) : — Le Eahelais reforme par les ministres (1619, 12mo),a violent attack against Protet- tant ministers, and particularly Du INIoulin : — Recherche dcs B(ch(rch(S d'Etunne Pasquier (1622, 8vo), the full title of which aftbrds a good example of Garasse's style: "Inscribed to Etienne Pasquier, wherever he may be ; for never having been able to recognise your religion, I do not know the way and route you have taken on leaving this life, and therefore I f.m obliged to write to jou at hazard, and to address this bundle, ■wherever you may be .... ;" etc. See Nicercn, Jfe- mvires, vol. xxxi ; Baj'le, Dictionnaire ; Alegambc, Eih- I'oth. Scriptor. Soc.Jesu; Hoefer, Nour. Bi< g. Ginirale, xix, 426 ; Memoires du P'ere Garasse, de la Societe de Jesus, publ. by C. Nisard (Paris, 1861, 18mo).
Garcia, D. Francisco, a Portuguese Jesuit, joined the order at the age of eighteen, and went to tlie East Indies with fifty-eight otlicr Jesuit missiona- ries. He resided successively at Goa and Cochin, and was appointed coadjutor of the archbishop of the n;oun- tain region inhabited by the Christians of St. Thomas (q. v.). The archbishop dj-ing in 1641, Garcia suc- ceeded him, and exerted great influence over the peo- ple by his knowledge of the native dialects. He had many disputes with the Christians of St. Thomas. He died"Scpt. 3, 1G59. He left a MS. entitled Relacao dos secta7-ios da India orixntal. Dialogos csj)irituaes, carta es- crita ao arcediago dos christaos da Serra, which is said to contain valuable information on the tribes of the East.— Hoefer, Nour. Biog. Genir. xix, 461. (J. N. P.)
Garcia or Garzia, Gregorio, a Spanish mis- sionarv, was born at Cozar, Andalusia, about the latter half of the IGth century. He studied in the Domini- can convent of Baeca in 1627, and joined that order. Appointed missionarj' to America, he spent twelve years in Mexico and Peru, where he preached with success, and gathered numerous historical documents and traditions, which he published after his return un- der tlie title Origen de las Jndias del Nuevo J\fundo y In- dias occiilentales, averiquenda con discorso de opiniones, etc. (Valencia, 1607, 8vo; Madrid, 1729, fob). This
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work contains a great deal of information which has been made use of by subsequent historians. The au- . thor's tlieory is that America was successively settled bv omi'Tation from divers races coming from other parts of tha world. He thus attempts to uphold the tixt of Scripture, which gives l)ut three sons to Noah, one of whom peopled Europe, the second Asia, and the third Africa ; and argues in favor of this opinion on the ground that, before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Mexicans possessed the tradition of the creation of the world, the flood, the confusion of tongues, and the disper- sion of nations, as is proved bj' some sculptures he saw which represented these various events in a symbolic manner. He also wrote Predicacion del Evanrjclio en el Nuevo Mundo viviendo los Apostoles (Bae^a, 1625, 8vo), in which he attempts to prove that it is impossible that any of the immediate disciples of Christ ever went to preach the Christian faith to America. — Hoefer, Nouv. Blog. Generale, xix, ■:15G sq. ; see also Echard, Scripto- res Ordinis Prmdicaturum, ii, 437 ; Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Nova Ilispana, i, 544.