Gouge, Williain, D.D., an eminent Puritan di- vine, was born in Bow in 1575, and educated at Eton and Cambridge. He entered the ministry' at the age of thirty-one, and was minister of St. Ann's, Black- fiiars, London, for forty-five j'ears. He was esteemed as the fatlier of the London ministers, and the spiritual oracle of his time. In 1G43 he was called to be a mem- ber of the Assembly of Divines, and was in such repu- tition that in tlie moderator's absence he frequently lilled the cliair. He was appointed one of the annota- tors on the Scriptures, and performed, as his part, fn m the beginning of 1 Kings to the book of Job, in a man- ner that gained high approbation. He also published several works, the principal of whicli are : Dnmesfiral Duths, and The Whole Armor of d'od: — The Lord's Priii/er E.rp'aiwd ; all to be found in his Wo7-l:s, re- vised and enlarged (Lond. 1G2G, fol.) : — a learned and very useful Commentarg on the Ifebrews (Lond. 1G55, 2 vols, fol.), containing a thousand of his Wednesdav lectures. He died December 12, 1G53.— Neal, History of the Puritans, ii, Gil ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. ; Middleton, Ev rngelical Biography, iii, 2G7 ; Life, by his Son, prefixed to his Works (1GG5).
Qoulart, Simon, a French Protestant theologian.
was born at Senlis, October CO, 1513. He embraced the Kefoimation in 15G5, went to study theology at Geneva in 15GG, and was consecrated pastor on the 20th of October of tlie same j'car. He obtained at once charge of a rural congregation, and in 1571 became- pastor of the parish of St. .Jervais, Geneva. Here his plain speaking brought him repeatedly into trouble with the civil authorities, yet he remained at Geneva, notvithstanding numerous calls from other places. After the death of Beza (January 2, 1G07), the pastors chose him for their ^president, but he resigned that of- fice December 18, 1612. He died at Geneva, February 3, 1G28. Goulart was a very prolific writer, both of original works and of translations and compilations. Among his scores of publications we name : Jmilaliona chrestii lines, etc. (1574, 8vo) : — Expositio verissimu et succincta de rebus ntipcr bello gesiis inter Allobrogum regulum et Hclveticas regis Galliarum au^iiarcs capias (1589, 4to) : — Vingt-huit Discours chnstiens iouchant I'eslat du monde et de I'Eglise de Dieu (1591, ICmo): — Apophthegmatum sacrorum Loci communes, ex sacris, ecclesiasticis et scecularibus libris colli cti (Geneva, 1592, 8vo ; French transl. Gen. 1604, 12ino) : — Vrai Discours de la miraculeuse delivrance envoyee de Dieu a la villc de Gdihre, le 12 dec. 1602 (Gen. 1G03, 8vo) : — Le sage Vieil- lard (Lyon, 1G05, 12mo ; English, London, I62I, 4to) : — Quarante-deux Tableaux de la mort rejirisentes (last cd. Lj'on, IGOG, 12mo ; German, Cassel, 1G05) : — Con- siderations de la Conscience humaine (Gen. 1G07, 8vo): — Considerations snr dirers articles de la doctrine chres- tienne (Saumur, 1608, 8vo; this may have been written by his eldest son, also called Simon, see next art.) : — Traite de I'Assiaxmce chrestienne ; plus mi autre Traile do r Assurance prophcine (Geneve, 1609, 8vo): — Vingt- cinq Mnlilaiions chrestiennes, etc. (Gen. 1610, IGuio): — Considerations de la mort (t de la rieheureuse (Gen. 1621, 8vo) : — Considerations de la sagcsse de Dieu an gouvernc-i ment du monde (Gen. 1623, 8\-o) : — Recucil des choses memorables adrenues sous It Liguc, etc. (Gen. 1537-90, 3 vols. 8vo); last ed. by abbe Goujet, under the title Memoircs de la Ligue sous Henri III et I}', etc. (Anist. [Pa'-is], 1758, 6 vols. 4to). He also edited a number of authors, r.ncient and modern, with annotatiims, and translated numerous works on history and theology. Some of his letters were published in the Epistres fran- ciiises des perso?inages illustrcs et doctes a J. J. de la Scala, mises en luiniere par .Jacques de P.ives (Harder- wyck, 1624, 8vo). — See Tronehin, Oratlo funebris S. Goularlii Sylvnnectini, in Ecclesia Gaierensi pastoris, etc. (Gen. 1628, 4to); Bayle, Diet. Hist. ; Niceron, Me- moires, xxix, 363-374; Sencbier, Hist. Utter, de Gin'eve; Haag, La Frame Protestante; Hocfer, Nouv. Biog. Ge- ni'rale. xxi, 409 sq.
Goulart, Simon, a Swiss Protestant theologian (son of the preceding), was born at Geneva about 157G. He was at first pastor of the French Protestant cluirch at Wosel, and in 1601 was called to Amste:d;.m to take cliarge of the AValloon church. Being a zealous Ar- minian, he engaged in a controversy with his coL- leagues, who as zealously defended Calvinism, and he was finally ejected. He wrote two works in defence of his views, which attracted great attention, and in 1618 the Remonstrants chose him as one of tli^ir de- fenders at the Synod of Dort. He was, however, for- bidden to appear, as being under interdict. When tlie .\rminian ministers were banished in 1G19, he followed Episcopius to Antwerp. When hostilities were re- newed between Holland and Spain ho went to Calais. In 1623 he was accused of conspiring against the prince of Orange, but proved his innocence, and the next vear removed to Frederickstadt, where a large number of Ilemonstrants had sought refuL'e. He died there :March 19, 1628. He wrote, Brief Traite de la grace de Dieu enrers leshimmes et de Veternelle exertion des f de- les ft reproha'ion des infdkles (Amst. 1616, 8vo) : — Exa- men des op'nions de iM. Fal.rlce Basserourt contenues en un Here de disputes initu'-e L'clection eternelle et ses de-