in a successful pastorate and in habitual activity on behalf of missionary and benevolent undertakings. He was actively engaged in founding the theological sem- inarjr at Newton, and was for many 3'ears one of its trustees. He died in 1836. He published four sermons and some occasional addresses. (L. E. S.)
Graham, Isabella, a woman noted for piety and intelligence, one of the "saints" of modern times. She was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and was piously ed- ucated by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Marshall. At seventeen she was admitted by Dr. Witherspoon (afterwards president of Princeton College) to the Lord's Supper. In 1765 she was married to Dr. Gra- ham, and accompanied him to Canada, where his regi- ment was stationed. Her husljand died at Antigua in 1774. She returned to Scotland, and supported her
V.) in general, which is the signification of '."'l, "12, or ";3'J. The Hebrews planted only wheat, haiiei/, and spelt (comp. Isa. xxviii, 25 ; Ezek. iv, 9) ; rye and oats are not mentioned in the Bible (in the Talmud five species of grain are named, Mishna, Nedar. vii, 2 ; and some find even rj'e and oats in the b"Vi rb3iI3 ■jirvrm of Menach. x, 7). On the other hand, some (e. g. Michaelis) think that rice is referred to by illib (Isa. xxviii, 25), in opposition to Eosenniiiller and Ge- senius. As diseases of seed-grain, '|ip"_'^, paleness (" mildew"), and '|"lSTr, hliylit (" blasting"), are men- tioned. See Cereals.
Gral or Grail. See Graal.
Gramma, Graphe (-yprt/i/in, ypaipt'i), terms ordi-
father and her four children by opening a school for , ^''^"'3' used in the ancient Church to signify the Holy young ladies. In 1789 she returned to New York, and i Scriptures. They were also occasionally employed as opened a seminary. In 1799 a society was instituted , "^"^^^ f ^'^^ Apostles Creed, perhaps because it was at New York for the relief of poor widows with small ; f„']'°'fl T^^lfLJTJ.TI'l'^Il:;,?^. f^^^^^ children, at the house
)rk for the relief ot poor widows with small , fe—-— " - -v ""■■■ .-— i.-..v.,_ -- ^^^^ ^^v,....^^ .u
The original plan of the society was formed \ ^^^^ "^"'^'^l'" '•eff'i-ence to the learning of the Creed by se of Mrs. Graham, and a school for the in- | *'^^ catechumens, just as the word /,««,,/<« the hsson,
struction of orphans was opened, and taught by Mrs. Graham's former pupils. Besides establishing this school, Jlrs. Graham selected some of the widows best qualified for the task, and engaged them for a small compensation to open daj' schools for the instruction
was used to designate the Creed, because the catechu- mens were bound to commit it to memory. — Yalesius, Xot. in iSocrat. i, 8 ; Bingham, Orig. Eccl. bk. x, ch. iii, § 4.
Granary. Originalh' corn was kept in subterra-
of the children in distant parts of the city. She also | nean storehouses, and even in caverns; but in prog- established two Sunday-schools. In 1806 a society of | ress of time granaries were erected, both in Egypt and ladies was organized to procure or build an asylum for ; Palestine. In the former countiy granaries were often
orphan children. Mrs. Graham remained in the office of directress of the Widows' Society, but felt also much interest in the success of the Orphan Asylum Society, and herself, or one of her family, taught the orphans daily until the friends of the institution were sufficient
of an extensive character. They were laid out in a very regular manner, and varied of course in plan as much as the houses, to which there is every reason to believe they were frequently attached, even in the towns ; and they were sometimes only separated from
to provide a teacher and superintendent. In 1811 1 the house by an avenue of trees (Wilkinson, yl?ic. i'^^y^f. some gentlemen of New York established a IMagdalen abridgment, i, 13). They had vaulted roofs, and corn- Society, and Mrs. Graham became its president until plete arrangements for depositing and removing the her death. In 1814 she rmited with some ladies in ■ grain. Dr. Robinson, when A'isiting Huj, a village not forming a society for the promotion of in- dustry among the poor. For some weeks (t previous to her last illness she was favored ^ with unusual health, and much enjoj'ment of religion. She died on the 24th of July, 1814. Few books have been more widely , circulated than her Life and Letters (last V ed. London, 1838, 8vo). In America, Dr. Mason's sketch of her has been widely scat- tered b}' the Tract Society. See Mason, Life of Isabella Graham (N.York, 12mo) ; Betliune (^Mrs.'), Letters and Corre$pond(nre of Mrs. Grnhfim (1838, 8vo) ; Jones, Chris- tian liinfjraphii, p. 189.
Graham, Mary Jane, was born in London in 1803, and was so carefully edu- cated, and so industrious in study, that she acquired a knowledge of nearly all the mod- ern languages, as also of Latin, Greek, and mathematics. In her eighteenth 3'ear she fell into infidel doubts, l)ut soon emerged from them into Christian light and hope. To save others from a like experience, she wrote the Test of Truth (London, 12nio, 7th ed. 1852). giving an account of her mental exercises, her infidelity, and her conversion. She also wrote a treatise on The Free- ness and Sovereir/nty of God's Grace, imblished after lier death (12mo). Her last years were full of suftering, but