Grant, Johnson, an Knglish divine, and an au- thor of some merit, was born in Edinburg in 1773, and was educated at St. Jobfl's College, Oxford, where he passed A.IM. in 1805. He beeanio rector of Bin- Lvook in 1818 ; minister of Kentish Town Chapel in
1822 ; and died in 1845. He was a faithful, and, at the same time, a popular preaclier. Among his writings are a History if the Church of Enyland, and of the Sects which have departed from her (Lond. 1811-25, 4 vols. 8v(i) : — Lectures and Sermons in six vols. (Lond. 1821- 43) -.—Sketches in Divinity (Lond. 1840, 8vo).— Darling, Cyclop. Biblicgrup)hica, i, 1302.
Grantham, Tho.mas, an English Baptist minister of distinction, was born in 1G33. He was selected to deliver to Charles II the confession of faith drawn up by the Baptists, and also at a later period to present a remonstrance against persecution, both of which were kindh' received by the king, and redress of grievances promised. He was often engaged in public disputa- tions, in which he disjilayed great logical skill. He also had a long controversj' with the Rev. John Ccn- nould, vicar of Norwich, who j^et remained his friend through life. Among his writings is Christianismiis Primitivus, or the Chiistian Rtliyion in its nature, cer- tainty, excellency, etc., vindicated (Lond. 1G78, fol.). — Benedict, History of the Baptists, vol. i ; Darling, Cyclp. Biblioyrcqjhica, i, 1305.
Granvelle, Antoixe Ferrenot, cardinal, one of the most eminent politicians and diplomatists of the IGth centur}^ was born at Ornans, Burgundy, Aug. 20, 1517. He studied law at Padua, and afterwards the- ologj"^ at Louvain. He became canon of Liege, then bishop of Arras, and was often emplo^'cd by the em- peror Charles \ in diplomatic missions. He went with his father to the diets of "Worms and Augsburg, and was also present at the Council of Trent, where he de- fended the rights of the emperor, but vainly endeav- ored to array the Council against France. After tlie battle of jNIiihlljerg he managed the capitulation of the electors John Frederick of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, and is said to have altered the articles so that the lat- ter, instead of being free from imprisonment, was ren- dered liable to it. He was also very active in uphold- ing the Augsburg Interim. In 1550 he became coun- sellor of state and keeper of the great seal ; he accom- panied the emperor to Innsbruck, drew up the treaty of Passau in 1552, and in 1553 negotiated inidcrhaiid for the marriage of queen Mary of England and Philip II of Spain. When Charles V resigned the crown, Granvelle entered the service of his son, Philip II ; in 1559 he signed the treaty of Chateau-Cambresis with France, and afterwards remained in the Netherlands as prime minister and counsellor of jMargaret of Par- ma. Here he shared largely in the persecution of the Protestants, and was very active in strengthening Ro- manism. He founded 12 new bishoprics. The School of Eaius (q.v.) found an earnest and persevering oppo- nent in Granvelle. For these services he was created arclibishop of Jlcchlin by the king, and cardinal by the pope. Being subsequently accused by his enemies of too great leniency towards the Protestants, lie left the Netherlands in 1561. He was finally appointed arch- liishop of Besancon in 1584, and died at JIadrid Sept. 21, 1586. His letters and memoirs were collected by abbot Boisot ; they form 80 vols, under the title of Tre- sor de Granvelln, in the Archives of Besancon. The most interesting of them are published in the Docu- ments ini'dils pour I'hist. de la France. See Gerlach, Philip II et 6'/vmcf//rt (Brussels, 1842); Motley, History of th<- Dutch Pepuhlic (N.Y. 1855, 3 vols. 8vo^; Pres- cott, Hist, of Philip II (Bost. 1855, 2 vols.). (J. N. P.)
Grape is the representative in the A.V. of the fol- lowing Heb. and Greek words: properly 2D", enah', grapes in the licrry (Gen. xl, 10, 11 ; xlix, 11 ; Lev. xxv, 5; Numb, vi, 3; xiii, 20, 23; Deut. xxiii, 24; xxxii, 14, 32; Neb. xiii, 15; Isa. v, 2, 4; Jer. viii, 13; Hos. ix, 10; Amos ix, 13; "wine," Hos. iii,l); not in the bunch, a-u(pv\i) ("grapes," Matt, vii, 16 ; Luke vi, 44 ; Rev. xiv, 18); improperly for ^C'^;>^,pe'ret Q'li. scatter- ing), grapes that droi) off spontaneously (Lev. xix, 10) .;
GRAPHEUS
96^
GRASS
grape- gleanings, Ti^p", oldoth' , (Judg. viii, 2; Isa. xvii, 6; xxiv, 13 ; Jer. xlix, 9; Obad. 5; Mic. vii, 1) ; " tender grape," Tf'^P) semadar', prob. a vine-blossom (Cant, ii, 13, 15; vii, 12); unripe gnqie, ■lp3,6e'ser(Job XV, 33), and sour grape, "!D3, ho ser (Isa. xviii, 5 ; Jer. xxxi, 29, 30; Ezelc. xviii, 2); tmld grapes, C^UXS, heitshim' [see Cockle], a wortliless species (French lambntsques, so Jerome and Jarchi) ; not poisonous (Gesenius, in his Comment, on ha, i, 230 ; ii, 3G4, lias shown that the common sense of aconitum or wolj's- hane, monk's-hood, rests upon an error of Celsus, Hie- robot. ii, 199), Isa. v, 2, 4. See Raisins ; Kernels ; Bitter.
In more than one passage of Scripture grapes are used in a figurativa sense, as in Rev. xiv, 18 : "Gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe;" i. e. the appointed time for the execution of divine vengeance has come, and the iniquities of the inhabitants of the earth have made them full^^ ripe for destruction. In Mic. vii, 1, the figure is well ex- pressed by Newcome : "As ttip early fig of excellent fla- vor cannot be found in the advanced season of the sum- mer, or the choice cluster of grapes after vintage, so nei- ther can the good and upright man be discovered by dil- igent searching in Israel." So in Jer. vi, 9, an address to the Chaldajans, exhorting them to return and pick up those few inhabitants that were left before, like the grape-gleanings, and to carrj'' them also into captivity. The Chaldreans did so, as may be seen (lii, 28, 29, 30). In Jer. xlix, 9, the meaning is, that when the enemy came to spoil they should meet with no interruption.