Green, 'William, a divine of Ihc Church of Eng- land, was a fellow of Clare II:dl, Cambridge, and af- terwards rector of Ilardinu'liam, Norfolk. He wrote a New Translation of the Psalms, iiiih Notes (Lond. 1763, 8vo) : — 4 New' Translation of Isaiah, with Notes (ch. vii-liii; 1776, 8vo) : — and Poetical Parts of the Old Testament, translated from the Hebren\ with Notes (Camb. 1781, 4to). He died in llQ-i.—£urojK Mag.
GREENE
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GREGOIRE
Greene, Thomas, bishop of Ely, was bom at Norwich in lGu8, and educated at Benedict College, Canibridi^e, of which he obtained a scholarship, and in 1G80 a fellowship. After numerous preferments he ob- tained the vicarage of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, West- minster, in 1716. This he held in commendam with the bishopric of Norwich, to which he was consecrated October 8, 1721, but was thence translated to Eh', September 24, 1723. George I, soon after his acces- sion, appointed him one of his domestic chaplains. He died in 1738. He wrote, 1. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper exjilained to the meanest capacities (Lond. 1710, 12mo) : — 2. The Principles of Religion explained fur the Instruction of the Weak (id. 1726, 12mo) : — 3. Four Dis- c mrses on the four Last Things (Loud. 1734, 12mo.) — Hook, Eccles. Biog. vol. v.
Greenfield, Williaji, a celebrated linguist, was born in London April 1, 1799. In his thirteenth year he was apprenticed to a London bookseller. His love of the study of languages was so great that, while la- boring all day in his master's service, he acquired suc- cessively Heltrew, Greek, Latin, and several modern languages. In 1822 he submitted to Mr. Bagster, a puljlisherin London, tlie prospectus of a Polyglot Gram- mar of nearly thirty languages, on the principles of comparative grammar. He was employed to edit the Comprehensive Bible issued bj' Bagster in 1826. In 1828-9 he edited an edition of the Syriac New Testa- ment, and in 1830 he prepared a revised translation of the N. T. into Hebrew, both for Bagster's Polyglot. He prepared a Lexicon of the Greek N. T., followed by an abridgment of Schmidt's Greek Concordance. In 1830 he was appointed editor of foreign versions to the British and Foreign Bible Society. His excessive la- bor overmastered his strength, and he died Nov. 5, 1831. — Kitto, Cyclop, p. 178; Allibone, Diet, of Authors, 1, 734 ; Impei-ial Magazine, Jan. and Feb. 1834.
Greenham, Kichard, an English Puritan divine, was born in 1531, and was educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. He was for many years pastor of Dray- ton, near Cambridge, where he died in 1591. He pub- lished a number of sermons, treatises, etc., which, after his deatli, were collected and published under the title The Works of the Rev. Richard Greenham, revised and published b>/ IL H. (7th ed. Lond. 1681, fob). — Darling, Cyclap. Bibliograpkica, i, 1312.
Greenhill, William, M.A., a learned and pious Nonconformist divine, was born in O.^fordshire. He entered Magdalen College, O.xford, in 1604, and ob- tained the living of Stepney in 1656. Having joined the Independents during the Commonwealth, he was ejected at the Restoration, and died about 1677. His principal work is An Exposition of the Prophet Eze- kiel, with useful Observations thereupon (Lond. 1645, 5 vols. 4to). A new edition, revised and corrected lij' Sherman, was published in 1839 (Lond. imperial 8vo). — Darling, C'l/chp. Bibliographica, s. v.
Greenland, a region in North-eastern America of unknown extent northwards, stretches from its south- ern extremity. Cape Farewell, along the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans on the east, and Davis's Strait, Baffin's Bay, and Smith's Sound on the west. It obtained its name from an Icelander, Eric Rauoi (the Red), who led thither an expedition in 985 or 986, and founded two settlements on the west coast, called the Ocstre and Westre Bygd (the east and west colonies). About four centuries afterwards, the Westre Bygd was destroyed bj- the pestilence called the "black death," combined with the attacks of the aborigines ; and a centuiy after this, the Oestro Bygd suffered the same fate. Green- land was visited, and its west coast explored, success- ively liy Frobislier, Davis, and Baffin, the latter hav- ing advanced as far as lat. 78° N. (the limit of the in- haliited country). More recently Dr. Kane has ex- tended his explorations as far as lat. 82° ', 0'. or within 527 miles of the north pole. In 1868 and J8C9 uew e.\-
peditions to explore the coast were sent out from Ger- many. The most important incident in connection with this bleak region is the settlement, in 1721, of Hans Egede (q. v.), a Norwegian clergyman, at God- thaab (lat. 64° N.), and with him a colony of 43 men. The colony was supported by the Danish government till 1731, when the supplies were stopped ; but a few j'ears afterwards a pension of 2000 rix dollars a year was granted to the mission. Since that time the Danes have established thirteen different colonies or factories along the west coast, seven in North Greenland (north of lat. 67° N.), and six in South Greenland ; the total population of the colonies being about 10,000, inclusive of 250 I^anes. The Danish (Lutheran) Missionary Society seeks to sustain various institutions formed in Greenland in eight different places. The Moravians, in 1866, supported in Greenland 6 stations, 25 mission- aries, 56 native assistants, and their congregations had a total membership of 1801. See Chambers, Cijclop. s. V. ; Newcomb, Cyclop, of Missions ; Schem, Ameri- can Eccles. Almanac for 1869. (A. J. S.)