Hackspan, Tiieodor, an eminent Lutheran theo- logian and Orientalist, was bom in 1607 at Weimar, and
HAD AD
died at Altorf .Ian, 19, 1659. He was educated at .Jena, where he studied philosophy, and then went to Altorf, to profit by the instructions of tlie able Orientalist Schwenter. and thence to Helmstadt, where he studied theology under the famous Calixtus. In 1686 he re- turned to Altorf, and for many years filled the chair of Hebrew iu its university, where he was the first to publicly teach the Oriental languages. In 1654 he was appointed professor of theology in that institu- tion, retaining at the same time the chair of Oriental languages. His close application to study and to the duties of his professorships so impaired his health that he died in the fifty-second year of his age. Hackspan is said to have been the best scholar of his day in He- brew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. The liberality of Joilociis Schmidmaier, an advocate of Nuremberg, who established in his own house a press, with supplies of types in the different languages, enabled him to publish most of his learned works. Among these we name Trac- tatus de usu I.ibrorum Rahbinicorum: — Sylloye iJispu- iationvni theoloyicai-um et jihiloloyicarum : — Jnterjues Errabundus: — Disputationes de locutionibus sacris (Al- torf, 1648) : — Observaiianes Arabico-Syiiacai in qucedam locu Veteris et Xovi Testamenti (ibid. 1639) : — Be Anye- lorum damonumgue nominibus (ibid. 1641): — Fides et Le- yes Jifohhammedk, etc. (ibid. 1646) : — Miscdlaneorum Sa- crorum Libri duo (ibid. 1660): — Exercitatio de Cabbala Judaica (ibid. 1660): — Kofce phUoloyico^theoloyiccE in varia et difficilia Scripturee loan (ibid. 1664, 3 vols.). — Rose, A«r Ge-n. Bioy. Diet, viii, 169 ; Hoefer, Xour. Bioy, (7e«fr«?e, xxiii, 34. (J. W. M.)
Ha'dad, a name which occurs with considerable confusion of form in tlie Heb. The pro;)er orthography seems to be Tlrt, lludad' (according to Gesenius from an Arab, root signifying to breah forth into shouts ; but FUrst makes it="'l"0, Almiyhty),-\\h\c\\ appears in Gen. xxxvi, 35, 36 ; 1 Chron. i, 46, 47, 50, 51 (in all which passages it is rendered by the Sept. 'AEac, and Vulg. Adad), and in 1 Kings xi, 14-25 (where the Sept. has "A5nfi,Vulg. Adad). The other forms are I^H, Cha- dad' (I Chron. i, 30; Sept. Xo^n^, Yulg. Hadad), Tin, Iladar' (Gen. xxvi, 39; Sept. 'Apa^, Vulg. Adar, EngL "Hadar"), "I'ln, Chadar' (Gen. xxv, 15; Sept Xo^av, Vulg. and Engl. Iladar), and TnX, Adad' (1 Kings xi, 17; Sept. 'A^op, Yulg. ylf7(/f/). It was the name of a Syrian idol, and was thence transferred to the king, as the highest of earthly authorities, in the forms Hadad, Ben-hadad ("worshipper of Hadad"), and Hadad-ezcr (" assisted by Hadad," Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 218). The title appears to have been an official one, like Pharaoh ; and perhaps it is so used by Nicolaus Damascenus, as (pioted b}' Josephus {Ant. vii, 5, 2), in reference to the Syrian king who aided Hadadezer (2 Sam. viii, 5). Jo- sephus appears to have used the name in the same sense, where he .suljstitutes it for Benhadad (Ant. ix, 8, 7, cora- pai-ed with 2 Kings xiii, 24). See also Hadad-Rim-
JIO.N.
1. Adad (q. v.) is the indigenous name of the chief deity of the Syrians, the sun, according to Macrobius (Saturnal. i, 23). jNIoreover. Pliny (Hist. Aat. xxxvii, 11,71), speaking of remarkable stones named after parts of the body, mentions some called '■ Adadunephros, ejus- dem oculus ac digitus dei ;" and adds, " et hie colitur a Syris." He is also called "ASojcoc i3aat\tvQ 6twv by Philo Byblius (in Eusebii Prapar. Ecan. i, 10). The jiassage of Ilesychius which Harduin adduces in his note to Pliny concerning the worship of this god by the Phrygians, Jablonski declares to be inadmissible (De Liny. Lycaonica, p. 64).
This Syrian deity claims some notice here, because his name is most probably an element in the names of the Syrian kings Benhadad and Hadadezer. More- over, several of the older commentators have endeavored to find this deity in Isa. Lxvi, 17 ; either bv altering the text there to suit the name given by Macrobius, or by
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HADAD 1
adapting the name he gives to his inferpretatioii and in the reading of the Hebrew, so as to make that extract bear testimony to a god Achad (q. v.). INIichaelis has argued at some length against both these views ; and tlie modern commentators, such as (lesenius, Hitzig, Bfjttcher (in Prohen Attest. Schrifterkidr.), and Ewald, do not admit the name of any deity in that passage.— Kitto.
2. H.vnAR (q. v.), one of the sons of Ishmael (Gen. XXV, 15; 1 Chron. i, 30). His descendants probably occupied the western coast of the Persian Gulf, where the names Attwi (Ptol. vi, 7, § 15), Attme, and Chateni (Plin. vi, 32) bear affinity to the original name.— Smith. See Arabia.
3. Hadad, king of Edom, the son of Bedad, and suc- cessor of Husham : he established his coiu-t at Avith, and defeated the IMidianites in the intervening territory of Moab (Gen. xxxvi, 35 ; 1 Chron. i, 40). This is the only one of the ancient kings of Edom whose exploits are recorded by Moses. B.C. ante 1G18. See An'ITII.
4. Hadad, another king of Edom, successor of Baal- Hanon : he established his palace at Pai, and his wife's name was Mehetebel (1 Cliron. i, 50). He is called Hadar in Gen. xxxvi, 39. From the fact that with him the list of these Edomitish kings closes, it may be conjectured (Turner's Compamoii to Genesis, p. 32G) that he Uved about the time of the Exode, and in that case he may be the identical king of Edom who refused a passage to the Israelites (Numb, xx, U). B.C. prob. 1619 ; certainly ante 1093. See Pai.