l)l:ick fcroMlc Sl;i
tiau Lady at a party.
handing them round to visitors.
into tlie golilet. The same black slave also carried the fruits and otlier refreshments; and the peculiar mode of boldiug a ])late with the hand reversed, so generally ndoi.led by women from Africa, is cliaractcristically shown in the Theban paintings (Wilkinson, .Iwr. AV/. i, 142 sq., abri.lgm.). See Banquet. It appears inost l)rohable that Ilagar was given to Sarai as her personal attendant while she was in the house of Pharaoh, and that she was permitted to retain her when she departed. Jewisli tradition reports tiial Ilagar was a daughter (hv a concubine, as some say) of Pliaraoh, who, seeing the wonders wrought on ac.-ount of Sarai, said." It isl)etter that my .laughter should be a liandmaid in this house- h.ild (lutit a mistress in another." and therefore gave her to Sarai. She was, no doubt, a female slave, and one of those maid-servants whom Abram had brought from Egypt. These females among the Jews, as they still are in the East, are entirely under the control of the mistress of the family. See Slave ; Hagaij.
Hand-mill. See Mill.
Hand-staff (^jsp, viukkeV, a rod or staff as usu-
HANGING
63
HANNAH
The prophecy is a reproof of tlie Jews for trusting in Egypt ; ami, according to the INIasoretic text, mention is made of an embassy, perhaps from Hoshea, or else from Ahaz, or possible' Hezekiah, to a Pliaraoh. As the king whose assistance is asked is called Pharaoh, he is nrobably not an Ethiopian of the 25111 dynasty, for the kings of that line are mentioned by name — So, Tirhakah
but a sovereign of the 23d dynasty, which, accorduig
to Manetho, was of Tanite kings. It is supposed that the last king of the latter dynasty, Manetho's Zet, is the Sethos of Herodotus, the king in whose time Sennache- rib's army perished, and who appears to have been men- tioned under the title of Pharaoh by Rabshakch (Isa. xxxvi,6; 2 Kings xviii, 21), though it is just possible that Tirhakah may have been intended. If the refer- ence be to an embassy to Zet, Zoan was probably his capital, and in any case then the most important city of the eastern part of Lower Egypt. Hanes was most probably in its neighljorhood ; and we are disposed to think that the t'hald. Paraplir. is right in identifying it with Tahpanlu'S (Ci'jr?r''?> <'•" ^^Jr^'j^) ^^'^^^ written, if the A'ei'/rfi be correct, in the form D3Enp,Z)«;)/<??(B), a fortified town on the eastern frontier. Grotius con- siders Hanes a contraction of this name {Coitimcntar. ad loc). With this may be connected the remark of De Rossi — '• Codex mens 380 notat ad Marg. esse OrniStnn, Jcr. ii, 16" (!'«)■. Led., 1. c). On the whole, this seems to be the most probable theory, as Tahpanhes was situ- ated in the eastern part of the Delta, and was one of the royal cities about the time of Isaiah.— Kit to, s. v.; Smith, s. V. See Tahpanhes.
Hanging (as a punishment, S'^piJl, to impale with dislocation of the limbs. Numb, xxv, 4; 2 Sam. xxi, 0, 9; fibp, to suspend, as among the Hebrews, Deut. xxi, 22 ; the Egj-ptians, Gen. xl, 10 ; and the Persians, Esth. vii, 10 ; V, 14 ; KfXfidvvviii). See Crucifixion. Hang- ing on a tree or gibbet ap- pears to have been a mark of infamy, inflicted on the dead bodies of criminals, rather than a punishment, as modern nations employ it. The person suspended was considered as a cuise, an ahominaiion in the sight of God, and as receiving this token of infamy at his liand. The body, never- Inipalement of Prisoners he- theless, was to be taken fore the Walls. From the down and buried on the As.yn.o Monuments. ^^^^^ ^,^^,_ .^^^ ^^^^^^^
mentioned in 2 Sam. xxi, 6, was the work of the Gib- eonites, and not of the Hebrews. Posthumous suspen- sion of this kind, for the purpose of conferring ignominy, differs materially from the crucifixion that was prac- ticed by the Itomans, although the Jews gave such an extent to the law in Deut. xxi, 22, 23, as to include the last-named punishment CJohn xix, 31; Acts v, 30; Gal. iii, 13 ; 1 Pet. ii, 24). The more recent .Jews attributed the origin of the punishment of strangulation to iNIoses, and supposed it to have been meant by the phrase, "He shall die the death," but without cause. See Punish- ment.
HANGING (as a curtain) is the rendering of three Heb. terms, two of them having reference to the furni- ture of the tabernacle and Temple.
1. The "hanging" ("0*3, masak' ; Sept. tTTiaiTaa- rpov,YuIg. ientoriuni) was a curtain or core/iiir/ (as the word radicall}'- means, and as it is sometimes rendered) to close an entrance. It was made of variegated stuif wrought with needlework (compare Esth. i. 5), and (in one instance, at least) was hung on five pillars of acacia wood. Tlie term is applied to a series of curtains sus- pended before the successive openings of entrance into the tabernacle and its parts. Of these, the first hung
before the entrance to the court of the tabernacle (Exod xxvii, 1(J; xxxviii, 18; Numb, iv, 20); the second be- fore the door of the tabernacle (Exod. xxvi, 3G, 37; xxxix, 38) ; and the third before the entrance to the Most Holy Place, called more fully "0'2il fi^'lS ("vail of the covering," Exod. xxxv, 12; xxxix, 34; xl, 21). See Curtain.