2. The "hangings" (D'^"bp, kelaim' ; Sept. iirnVi, Vulg. icntoria) were used for covering the walls of the tabernacle, just as tapestry was in modem times (Exod. xxvii, 9; xxxv, 17; xxxviii, 9; Numb, iii, 26; iv, 2G). The rendering in the Sept. implies that they were made of the same substance as the sails of a ship, i. e. as ex- plained by Rashi) " meshy, not Avoven :" this opinion is, however, incorrect, as the material of which they were constructed was " fine twined linen." The hangings were carried only five cubits high, or half the height of the walls of the court (Exod. xxvii, 18 ; compare xxvi, 1 G). They were fastened to pillars which ran along the sides of the court (xxvii, 18). See Tabernacle.
3. The "hangings" (D'^PlS, bottim', 2 Kings xxiii, 7, margin houses, which is the literal rendering) are of doubtful import. Ewald conjectures that the reading should be d"^"!??' dut/ies, and supposes the reference to be to dresses for the images of Astarte ; but this is both gratuitous and superfluous. The bo/tim which these women wove were probably cloths for tents used as portable sanctuaries. — Kitto ; Smith. See Idolatry.
Haii'iel (1 Chron. vii, 39). See Hanniel.
Hannier, Meredith, an English Church historian, was born at Porkington, Shropshire, in 1543. He be- came chaplain of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and afterwards rector of St. Leonard, at Shoreditch. Here he sold the brass orur.mcnts which decorated the graves of the church, which so displeased his parishioners that he was obliged to resign about 1G93. He then went to Ireland, where he was finally made treasurer of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin. He died in 1604, not without suspicion of suicide. He was a .skilful Greek scholar, and well acquainted with Church histo- ry. He wrote Translation of Ihe ancient ecclesiastical Histories of the first six hunched Years after Christ, orifj- inal/i/ irrlttni hij luisebius, Socrates, and Erarpius (1576; reiiriiitid in l.'v.") with the addition of The Lives of the Pnijilir/s and Ajxisfles by Borotheus, bishop of Tyre") : — The L}phemeris of the Saints of Ireland ; and the Chron- icle of Ireland (Dublin, 1G33, fob): — A Chronoyraphy (Lond. 1585. fob). See Fuller, Worthies; Wood, Athe- na; Oxon. vol. i.
Han'naIi(Heb. C/io?!»«rt/(', T^IT^, gi-aciousmss: Sept. "Avva ; comp. Anna, a name known to the Phoenicians [Gesen. Mon. Phccn. p. 400], and attributed by Yirgil to Dido's sister), wife of a Levite named Elkanah, and mother of Samuel (1 Sam. i, ii). She was very dear to her husband, but, being childless, was much aggrieved by the insults of Elkanah's other wife, Peninnah, who was blessed Avith children. The family lived at Rama- thaim-zophim, and, as the law required, there was a yearly joumey to offer sacrifices at the sole altar of Je- hovah, which was tlien at Shiloh. Women were not bound to attend ; but pious females free from the cares of a family often did so. especially whcii the husband was a Levite. Every time that Hannah went there childless she declined to take part in the festivities which followed the sacrifices, being then, as it seems, peculiarly exposed to the taunts of her rival. At length, on one of these visits to Shiloh, while she prayed before returning home, she vowed to devote to the Almighty the son which she so earnestly desired (Numl). xxx, 1 sq.). It seems to have been the custom to pronounce all vows at the holy place in a loud voice, under the immediate notice of the priest (Deut. xxiii, 23; Psa. xxvi, 14) ; but Hannah prayed in a low tone, so that her lips only were seen to move. This attracted the attention of the high-priest, Eli, who suspected that she
HANNAH
64
HANUN
had taken too much wine at the recent feast. From tliis suspicion Hannah easily vindicated herself, and re- tiirned liome with a lightened heart. Before the end of that year Hannah became the rejoicing mother of a son, to whom the name of Samuel was given, and who was from his hirth jtlaced under the oI)ligations of that condition of Nazaritesliip to which his mother had devoted him. B.C. 1 142. Hannah went no more to Shi- loh till her child was old enough to dispense with her maternal services, when she took liim up with her to leave him there, as it appears was the custom when one already a Levite was ])laced under the additional obli- gations of Nazariteship. \V'hen he was presented in due form to the high-priest, the mother took occasion to remind him of the former transaction: "For this chihl," she said, " I prayed, and the Lord hath given me my petition which I asked of him" (1 Sam. i, 27). Han- nah's glaihiess afterwards found vent in an exulting chant, which furnishes a remarkable specimen of the early lyric poetry of the Hebrews (see Schlosser, Canii- aim J/iinna; Erlangen, 1801), and of which many of the ideas and images were in after times repeated by the Virgin Mary on a somewhat similar occasion (Luke i, 4G scj. ; comp. also Psa. cxiii). It is specially remarka- ble as containing the first designation of the Messiah under that naine. In the Targum it has been subjected to a process of magniloquent dilution, for which it would be ilithcult to tinil a parallel even in the ])ompous vaga- ries of that parajihrase (Eichhorn, Einl. ii, 68). Alter this Ilamnih failed not to visit Shiloh every year, bring- ing a new dress for her son, who remained under the eye and near the jierson of the high-priest. See Samukl. That great personage took kind notice of Hannah on these occasions, antl bestowed his blessing upon her and her husband. Tlie Lord repaid her abundantly for that which she had, to use her own expression, "lent to him ;" for sh" had three sons and two daughters after