Henry of Gorcum (^Henricus Gorcomius'), so ntmed from his birthplace, Gorcum, in Holland, a philosopher and theologian of the loth centiu^', vice-chancellor of the Academy cf Cologne. He wrote commentaries on Aristotle, Aquinas, and Peter Lombard; also Tract, de cceremoniis Ecclesiasticis : — De Celehritate Festorum : — Contra Hussitas.
Henry of HuNTiNnDON, an early English histori- an, was bom about the end of the 11th century. He became archdeacon of Huntingdon before 1123. At the request of Alexander, bishop of Lincoln, he wrote a gen- eral history of England, from the landing of Jidiiis Cae- sar to the dep.th of Stephen (1154), in eight books. It is to be found in Savile's Scriptores iwst Bedam praci- pui (Lond. 1596, fol. ; Francof. 1601); also in English, The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon, etc., edited by T. Forester (Lond. 1853, sm. 8vo). Warton (Anglia Sacrti, ii, 694) gives a letter of Henry of Huntingdon to the abbot of Ramsey, Fpistola ad Walterum de Mundi Con- temj)tu, which contains many curious anecdotes of the kings, nobles, prelates, and other great men who were his contemporaries. It is given aUo in D'Achcry, Sjii- cilegium, iii, 503. — English Cyclopadia ; Darling. Cyclop, Bibliographica, i, 1439 ; Wright, Biog. Brit. Lit. (^Anglo- Norman J'eriod).
Henry of Lausanne (frequently called Henry of Clugny), founder of the sect of Henriciuns in the 12tli century. He is represented by Papal Avriters as a her- etic and fanatic, but the truth seems to le that he was one of the '• reformers befoie the Reformation." He is said to have been f n Italian 1 y birth, and a monk of Clugny. Disgusted with the corruptiens of the times, he left his order, and became "a preacher of repent- ance." At first lie was held in high honor even by the clergy. The field of his labor was the South of France ; the time between A.D. 1116 and 1148. His first efforts were made at Lausanne and its neighborhood (hence his sumame). His piety, modesty, and eloquence soon gained him a wide reputation. He preached vigorously against that " sham Christianity which did not prove its genuineness by the fruits of good living, and warn- ing against the prevalent vices. This led him next to warn men against their false guides, the worthless cler- gy, whose example and teaching did more to promote wickedness than to put a stop to it. He contrasted the clergy as they actually were with what they ought to be; he attacked their" vices, particularly their unchas- tity. He -was a zealot for the observence of the laws of cehbacy, and appeared in this respect, like other monks, a promoter of the Hildebrandian reformation. It was
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probably his practical, restless activity, and the oppo- sition that he met with on the part of the liigher cler- gy, which led him to proceed furtlier, and, as he traced the cause of the corruption to a deviation from the prim- itive apostolical teaching, to attack errors in doctrine. He must have possessed extraordinary power as a speaker, and this power was enhanced by his strict mode of living. Many men and women were awakened by him to repentance, brought to confess their sins, and to renounce them. It was said a heart of stone must have melted under his preaching. The people were struck under such conviction by his sermons, which seemed to lay open to them their inmost hearts, that they attributed to him a sort of prophetic gift, by vir- tue of which he coidd look into the very soids of men" (Neander, Church History, Torrey's, iv, 598). He was invited to Mans, where Hildebert, the bishop, favored him at first ; but his preaching soon excited the people against the priests to such a degree that even the mon- asteries were threatened with violence. Hilbebert drove him from Mans ; and, after various wanderings, he join- ed the disciples of Peter of Bruys, in Provence. The archbishop of Aries arrested him, and at the second Council of Pisa, 1134, he was declared a heretic, and confined in a cell. " Subsequenth^, however, he was set at liberty, when he betook himself again to South France, to the districts of Toidouse and Alby, a princi- pal seat of anti-churchly tendencies, v/here also the great lords, who were striving to make themselves indepen- dent, favored these tendencies from hatred to the do- minion of the clergy. Among the lower classes and the nobles Henry found great acceptance ; and, after he had labored for ten years in <those regions, Bernard of Clair- vaux, in \mting to a nobleman and inviting him to put down the heretics, could say, ' The chiu'ches are without flocks, the flocks without priests, the priests are no- where treated with due reverence, the churches are lev- elled down to synagogues, the sacraments are not es- teemed holy, the festivals are no longer celebrated.' When Bernard says, in the words just quoted, that the communities are without priests, he means the priests had gone over to the Henricians, for so he complains in a sermon, in which he speaks of the rapid spread of this sect: 'Women forsake their husbands, and husbands their wives, and run over to this sect. Clergj-men and priests desert their communities and churches; and they have been found siiiiiit;- with long beards (to mark tlie liahitus (ijti).<t<i/ir/i.<] ainiuii;- weavers'" (Neander, /. c). Bernard otClairvniix (jpiiosod lum earnestly. Pope Eugene III sent Bernard, with the cardinal of Ostia, into the infected district. Henry was arrested, and con- demned at the Council of Rheims, A.D. 1148, to impris- onment for life. He died in prison A.D. 1 149. See Bas- nage, Ilisf. ties Eglises Eefurmees, iv, ch. vi, p. 145; Ne- ander, Ch. Hist, iv, 601 sq. ; Neander, Ileiliffe Bernard, p. 294 sq. ; Hahn, Geschichte der Ketzer, cent, xii ; Giese- ler, Church Histoi-y, period iii, § 84.