The most complete edition of Ignatius is that con- tained in the Patres Apustolici of Cotelerius, the second edition of which, by Le Clerc (Amst. 1724, 2 vols, folio), contains all the genuine and spiurious epistles (Greek and Latin), with the epistles of Mary of Cassobelaa and of the Virgin, the two ancient Latin versions (the common one and Usher's), the Marti/rium I/jnatii, the Dissertationes (i. e. the Introduction) of Usher, the Viiididcc of Pear- son, a Dissertaiio de Irjnatianis EpistoUs by Le Clerc, and variorum notes. A useful edition of the genuine epistles, with those of Clement of Rome and Polycarp, and the Marlyria of Ignatius and Polvcarp, was pub- lished by Jacobson (Oxford, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo). There are versions in several languages of modern Europe, in- cluding two English translations, an old one by arch- bishop ^Vake (Genuine Epistles of the Apostolic Eathers, Loud. 1(j03, 8vo), and a modern one by Clementson (1827, 8 vo) . Wake's translation has been repeatedly published.
The ^[<lrtlJriuln Irinatii,\vhich is our chief authority for the circumstances of Ignatius's death, professes to be written by eye-witnesses, the companions of his voyage to Rome, supposed to be Philo, a deacon of Tarsus or some other church in Cilicia, and Rheus Agathopus, a SvTian, who are mentioned in the epistles of Ignatius (.1 d Philadelph. c. 11 ; Ad Smyrneos, c. 13). Usher adds to them a third person. Gains, but on what authority we know not, and Gallandius adds Crocus, mentioned by Ig- natius {Ad Romanus, c. 10). The account, with many interpolations, is incorporated in the work of Symeon Metaphrastes (Dec. A.D. 20), and a Latin translation from him is given by Surius, De Prohatis Scmctor. Vitis, and in the Acta Sanctorum, imder the date of the 1st of February. The Martyrium was first printed in Latin by archbishop Usher, who gave two distinct versions from different iNISS. The Greek text was first printed by Ruinart,in his Acta Marty i-um Sincera (Par. 1689, 4to), from a IMS. in the Colbertine library, and in a revised edition in Le Clerc's Cotelerius. It is given 1iy Jacob- son and by most of the later echtors of the epistles. Its genuineness is generally recognised, but it is thought to
be interpolated. See the remarks of Grabe, quoted by Jacobson at the end of the Martyrium. A considerable fragment of an ancient Syriac versiim o{ the Marty rium of Ignatius has been publisliod by ^Ir. Cureton.
See Smith, Z>tW. ofBiny. and Mythol. s.v. ; Cavc,IIist. Lit t. anno 117; Lurdnex, CridibUity of Gospel History; Edinburyh Rerieir,Ju]y, 1X4!); Coleman, .1 w/c;// Cliris- tianity, p. 197-200; l\6hvinit,Qr, Kirchenyesch. in Bioy. i, 7 sq. ; jMilman, Lat. Christ, i, 53 sq. ; Neander, Ch. Hist. i, 269, 295, 631 ; Cureton, Corpits lynatianum (Lend. 1849, 8vo); Milton, Prose irorZ:,si,78 sq.; N.Y.Revieiv,i,o61 ; Kitto, Journ. Sac. Lit. April, 1850 ; New Enylander, Nov. 1849 ; Quarterly Revieir, Dec. 1850 ; Lipsius, in Zeitsch. f. histor. Thtol. 1856, Heft 1 ; Uhlhorn, in Herzofs Real- EncyUop. vi, 623 sq. ; B?-it. and Eor. Rev. xxxiii, G40 sq. ; .4 m. Presb. Rev. Jan. 1867, p. 137 sq. ; Pnncet. Rep. 1849, p. 378 sq. ; A mer. Quart. Church Review, Jan. 1870, p. 563 sq. See also Epistles.
Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople, flourish- ed about the beginning of the 9th century. The schism of the Greek and Roman chiu-ches, which began luider Photius (q. v.), who persecutes! Ignatius and usurped his see, gives importance to his life. The following ac- count of him is (necessarily) chiefly from Roman sources, and must be taken with allowance. He was born in 799, and was the son of the emperor ]Michael Curopala- tes ; his mother, Procopia, was the daughter of the em- peror Nicephorus. On the revolt of Leo the Armenian, Michael surrendered to him the throne, which he had occupied for the short period of a year and nine months only, and embraced monastic life. His sons followed the example of their father, and the youngest, Nicetas, then aged fourteen, changed his name to Ignatius. The new emperor, in order not to be disturbed in the posses- sion of power, separated the several members of the family of Michael, and caused his two sons, Eustratius and Nicetas, to be made eunuchs. During the reign of the three emperors, Leo, Michael II, and Theophilus, the young men were allowed to enjoy in tranquillity the monastic life to which they had devoted themselves. Ignatius was admitted into the order of priesthood by Basil, bishop of Paros, in the Hellespont, a prelate who had suffered great persecution in opposing the Icono- clasts, and to whom Ignatius was much attached. On the death of Theophilus, the empress Theodora -was de- clared regent in the name of her son, JMichael HI. Be- ing opposed to the Iconoclasts, she banished John, the patriarch of Constantinople, and caused jMethodius to be elected in his place. Four years after, on the death of Methodius, the patriarchal dignity was bestowed upon Ignatius. But he did not long enjoy this honor. Bar- das, the brother of the empress, whom he had excom- municated on account of his scandalous excesses, having obtained considerable influence on the mind of the young emperor iMichael, whose vices he flattered and encouraged, induced him to take the reins of govern- ment, and to compel his mother to withdraw to a con- vent, and to accept the vows. Ignatius, when sum- moned to lend his authority to this unfilial act, did not content himself with remonstrating against it, but gave 4 a stern refusal. He was, in consequence, banished to the isle of Terebinthos, and deprived of his see, which he had held for eleven years. Photius, a eunuch related to Bardas, and a person of considerable learning, who favored the Iconoclasts, was by the will of the emperor, but without the consent of the Church, appointed to the patriarchate of Constantinople. For the controversy of Photius with the Church of Rome and its issue, see Photius. All means employed to induce Bardas to re- sign remaining ineffective, his death was finally deter- mined upon, and he was murdered in 866. Basil the Macedonian now became possessed of the supreme pow- er. One of the first acts of his reign was to banish Photius and recall Ignatius, who was triumphantly re- instated in his patriarchal dignity Nov. 3, 867. At his suggestion a council was assembled at Constantinople, which ranks m the Roman Church as the eighth oecu-