Jagel, Abraham, an Italian Eabbi, flourished at Monselice ni the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th centurj'. He is distinguished as the author of an able Jewish catechism of doctrine and mor- als, Avhich he published under the title of S'li njrb (Venice, 1587, 8vo, and often). It was translated into Latin by Carpzov, Odhel, Van der Hardt, and by De Veil. The latter published it with the Hebrew text : Doctrina Bona (London, 1689, 8vo). It was also trans- lated into German, entitled Das Bitch von Guten Jiidi- schen Lehren (Lpzg. 1694). Jagel became a convert to Romanism, and was baptized under the name of Camil- lo near the beginning of the 17th centurj^, and was in 1619 and 1620 Roman censor of all Hebrew books. He wrote also several books on the Jewish doctrines and usages, of which a complete list, with the translations that have been made of them, is given by Furst, Bibli- o?/;. Ji«/. ii, 10 sq. (J. H.W.)
Jagello. See Poland.
Jager, Nathan, a Lutheran minister, born in 1823, was educated for the sacred ministrj' first at Gettysburg Theological Seminary, and, completing his course with the Rev. J.P.Hecht, of Easton, was dedicated to the jias- toral otBce in the summer of 1845. His first charge ^vas at Orwigsburg, whence he removed to Lyken's Valley ; thence successively to Falkner's Swamp, tapper ]Mount Bethel, and Eeiglesville, Bucks County, Penn., where he died, Jan. 2, 1864. He was one of a large family of Lutheran ministers, consisting of his grandfather, father- in-law, brother-in-law, and a number of other relatives of the same name. His literary and theological attain- ments were very respectable, acquired amid difficulties that would have disheartened most other men. He studied when others slept, performing duruig the day the laborious duties of large pastorates, and pursuing his studies at night. His theological knowledge was quite extensive. He was an earnest man, and an ener- getic laborer in the cause of Christ.
i
JAGGER
747
JAHATH
Jagger, Ezra, a J.Iethodist minister, was born at Southampton, Long Island, N. Y., Feb. 27, 180G. He was licensed to preach in 1833, and joined the New York Conference the year following, and successively filled the circuits of Huntington, Hempstead, White Plains and Greenburg, Westport, Weston and Easton Village, Eurlington, Derby, Southold and Cutchogue, Farming- dale, Smithtown, amd, at last, once again Huntington. He died April 22, 1850. Jagger was a man of strict integrity, great benevolence, mild and unassuming in manner, and most beloved where best known. He was eminently a man of prayer, and devoted to his Master's work.— Smith (W. C), Sacred Mtmurks (N. Y. 1870, 12mo), p. 206, 207.
Jaggernaut, or Jaggernaut Puri, or Puri, is the name of a town on the sea-coast of Orissa (85^ 5-1' long., and 19° 45' lat.), celebrated as one of the chief places of pilgrimap-e of the Hindus in India. It con- tains a temple erected to Yishnu in A.D. 1198, in which stands an idol of this Indian deity, called Jaggernaut (commonly Jufjgernaut), a corruption of the Sanscrit Jafjanniitha, i. e. lord of the world. " The idol is a carved block of wood, with a frightful visage, painted black, with a distended mouth of a bloody color. On festival days the throne of the idol is placed upon a stupendous movable tower sixty feet high, resting on M-lieels, which indent the ground deeply as they turn slowly under the ponderous machine. Attached to it arc six ropes of the length and size of a ship's cable, by which the people draw it along. The priests and at- tendants are stationed around the tlirone, on the car, and occasionally adtlress the worshippers in libidinous songs and gestures. Both the walls of the temple and the sides of the car are covered with the most indecent emblems, in large and durable sculpture. Obscenity and bidod are the characteristics of the idol's worship." The origin of this idolatrous worship (which gained its notoriety especially by the fanaticism which has in- duced, and still induces, thousands of Hindus to sacritice their lives, in the hope of attaining eternal bliss, by throwing themselves under the wheels of the chariot bearing the idol) is as follows: "A king desirous of founding a city sent a learned Brahman to pitch upon a proper spot. The Brahman, after a long search, ar- rived upon the banks of the sea, and there saw a crow diving into the water, and, having washed its body, making obeisance to the sea. Understanding the lan- guage of the birds, he learned from the crow that if he remained there a short time he would comprehend the wonders of this land. The king, apprized of this occur- rence, built on the spot where the crow had appeared a large city, and a place of worship. The rajah one night heard in a dream a voice saying, 'On a certain day cast thine eyes on the sea-shore, when there wiU arise out of the water a piece of wood tifty-two inches long, and one and a half cubits broad ; this is the true form of the deity; take it up, and keep it hidden in thine house seven days ; and in whatever shape it shall then appear, place it in the temple, and worship it.' It happened as the rajah had dreamed, and the image, called by him Jagganmitha, became the object of worship of all ranks of people, and performed many miracles." Another le- gend, however, relates that " the image arising from the water was an avatara, or incarnation of Vishnu ; it was fashioned by Viswakarman, the architect of the gods, into a fourfold idol, which represented the supreme dei- ty, and the temple itself was erected over it, and inau- gurated by the god Brahmil and his divine court." This may have given rise to the sujiposition that the worship of Jaggernath (as Max Midler \^Chips, i, 67] spells it) was originally in honor of Vishnu. See New- comb, Cyclop, of Missions, p. 495; Sterling, Account of Orissa (see Index) ; Chambers, Cyclop, s. v.