Jaguis are the hermits of the Banians, a sect in East India. There are three distinct classes of them : (1) the Van-aphrastas, (2) the San-jasiis, and (3) the Avadoutas. The Van-aphrastas live in forests, many
of them married and having children, feeding on the herbs and fruits that grow wild ; but they scruple to pluck up the root of anything, considering it a sinful act, as they believe the soul to be contained in the root, supposing everj'thing to possess a spiritual life ; and, of course, believing also the transmigration of souls. The San-jasiis affect greater abstinence, oppose matrimony, betel, and all pleasures whatsoever. They have but one daily meal, served only on earthen-ware, and live on alms. Their garments they dye with red earth, and always cany a long bamboo cane in their hands. This class is a regidar nomad tribe ; they do not even stay two nights in the same place. They are taught in their sacred writings to look forward with desire to the sepa- ration of the soul from the body. Lust, anger, avarice, pride, revenge, and the love of tl^s world they consider their most formidable enemies, and pray to their gods to deliver them from one and all of these sins. The last-named class, the A vadoutas, forsake their families, both their wives and their offspring, and anything that would make one of them dependent on the other for production. Thus they deny themselves even the use of those things which the other two classes of Jaguis are wont to enjoy. They are habilitated only with a small piece of linen cloth to cover their sex. Their food they procure from strangers, to whose houses they go when hungry, and eat an^-thing that is oifered them. These devotees especially frequent the banks of the sa- cred Hindu rivers and the neighborhood of great temples, both for religious motives and in order to obtain most readily alms and food, particularly milk and fruits. They have one Oriental custom, viz. rubbing their body with ashes, no doubt to free themselves from the stain of sin. See Dissert, on the Religion, etc., of the Banians, apud Re- lig. Cer. vol. iii ; Cr&uhxiA, Sketches of the Hindoos, i, 235 sq. ; Broughton, Bihlioth. Hist. Sac. i, 499. (J. H. W.)
Ja'gur (Heb. Yugur', "l15^, place oi sojourn; Sept. 'layonp v. r. 'Affojp), a city on the south or Idumiean border of Judah, mentioned between Eder and Kinah (Josh. XV, 21). " Its name might perhaps indicate that it was one of the fortified camping-grounds of the bor- der Arabs" (Kitto). "The Jagur, quoted by Schwarz {Palest, p. 99) from the Talmud as one of the bounda- ries of the territory of Ashkelon, must have been fur- ther to the north-west" (Smith). The position of the town here considered can only be conjectured as not very far from the Dead Sea. It is not mentioned among the towns set off to Simeon (Josh, xix, 2-8), though it probably was one of them. It was possibly situated in wady Jurrah, which runs into the south-west end of the Dead Sea.
Jah (Heb. Yah, tt'i, a contraction for iTii°I% Jeho- vah, Psa. Ixviii, 4, elsewhere rendered "Lord"). See Jehovah; Hallelujah. It also enters into the com- position of many Heb. names, as Adoxijah, Isaiah, etc.
Ja'hath (Hebrew Yach'ath, rr:^, prob. for n^n];!, union; Sept. 'li^, but 'IffS in 1 Chron.vi,43, and '\ya5i v. r. 'laSi in 1 Chron. xxiv, 22), the name of a descend- ant of Judah and of several Levites.
1. A son of Shimei and grandson of Gershom, the son of Levi (1 Chron. xxiii, 10) ; yet no such son is mentioned in yev. 9, Avhere the three sons of Shimei arc by some error (probably the transposition of the latter clause) attributed to his brother Laadan, while in verse 11 Jahath is stated to have been "chief" (i. e. most nu- merous in posterity) of the four sons of Shimei. A similar disagreement appears in the parallel passage (1 Chron. vi), where Jahath (ver. 43) occurs as the son of Gershom (prob. by the transiDOsition of Shimei's name into the preceding verse), and again (ver. 20) as a son of Libnah (i. e. Laadan), instead of Shimei (comp. Zim- nah, the son of Jahath, ver. 20, 42), B.C. considerably post 1856.
2. Son of Reaiah (or Haroeh), of the posterity of Hezron, and father of two sons (1 Chron. iv, 2), B.C. post 1612.
JAHAZ
(48
JAHN
3. One of the sons of Shelomoth (or Shelomith), a descendant of Izhar, of the famUy of Kohath, appointed to a prominent place in tlie sacred senices by David (1 Chron. xxiv, 22), B.C. 1014.
4. One of the Levitical overseers of the Temple re- pairs instituted by Josiah ; he belonged to the family of Merari (2 Cluron. xxxiv, 12). B.C. 623.
Ja'haz (Heb. Ya'hats, ■j'tl!', trodden down, Isa. xv, 4; Jer. xlviii, 34; Sept. 'laaaii; also with n local and in pause, n^n'^, Yah'tsah, Numb, xxi, 23, Sept. dg 'laaaci; Deut.'ii, 32, Sept. tig 'laad; and this even with a prefix, nsri|^S) Judg. xi, 20, Sept. tig 'laaaa ; but likewise with h paragogic, •^^f]'!', Yah'tsah, Sept. 'laaaa. Josh, xiii, 18; A. Vers. "Jahaza;" 'laaa, Jer. xlviii, 21, '• Jahazah ;" 'laffo-a, Josh, xxi, 36, " Jahazah ;" 'Pfi^af V. r. 'lacaa, 2 Chron. vi, 78, " Jahzah"), a town beyond the Jordan, where Sihon was defeated, in the borders of Moab and the region of the Ammonites (Numb, xxi, 23 ; Deut. ii, 32 ; Judg. xi, 20) ; situated in the tribe of Reuben (Josh, xiii, 18), and assigned to the Merarite Levites (Josh, xxi, 36 ; 1 Chron. vi, 78). In Isa. XV, 4 ; Jer. xlviii, 21, it appears as one of the Moabitish places that suffered from the transit of the Babylonian conquerors through the "plain comitry" (i. e. the Mishor. the mod. Belka). The whole country east of the Dead Sea had originally been given to the Moab- ites and Ammonites (Gen. xbc, 36-38 ; Deut. ii, 19-22) ; but the warUke Amorites from the west of the Jordan conquered them, and expelled them from the region north of the river Arnon. From the Amorites the Is- raelites took this country, but subsequently the Am- monites claimed it as theirs (Judg. xi, 13), and on the decline of Jewish power the IVIoabites and Ammonites again took possession of it. Hitzig {Zu Jesa. ad loc.) re- gards Jahaz and Jahzah as different places (so Keil on Josh, ad loc, urging that they are distinguished in the passages of Jer.) ; but this is unnecessary (so Winer, Reiilw. s. V. Jahaz), and at variance with the philology. It appears to have been situated on the edge of the des- ert (see Raiimer, Zug d. Isr. p. 53 ; Hengstenberg, Bil- eaw, p. 239). See Exonus. From the terms of the nar- rative in Numb, xxi and Deut. ii we should expect that Jahaz was in the extreme south part of the territorj^ of Sihon, but yet north of the River Arnon (see Deut. ii, 24, 30; and the words in verse 31, "begin to possess"), and in exactly this position a site named Jazaza is mentioned by Sehwarz (Palest, p. 227, " a village to the south-west of Dhiban") ; but this lacks confirmation, es- l)ecially as Eusebius and Jerome {Onomast. s. v. 'liaca, Jassa) place it between Medeba (M»;^ajuwj/) and Dibon (A£/3oirc,-, Deblathaim); and the latter states that "Ja- haz lies opposite the Dead Sea, at the boundary of the region of Jloab." These requirements are met hj sup- posing Jahaz to have been situated in the open tract at the head of wady Waleh, between Arnun on the cast, and Jebel Humeh on the west.