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ther Jew, Pagan, Saracen, nor worldly tATant persecu- ting Christendom, but the man who opposes Christiau truth and the Christian life in the way of deception; he is and will be the most wicked Christian, i'alsely styling himself by that name, assuming the highest sta- tion in the Church, and possessing the highest consider- ation, arrogating dominion over all ecclesiastics and lay- men ; one who, by the working of Satan, knows how to make subservient to his own ends and to his own will the corporations of the rich and wise in the entire Church ; one who has the preponderance in honors and in riches, but who especially misappropriates the goods of Christ, the Holy Scriptures, the sacraments, and all that belongs to the hopes of religion, to his own ag- grandizement and to the gratification of his own pas- sions; deceitfully perverting spiritual things to carnal ends, and in a crafty and subtle manner employing what was designed for the salvation of a Christian people, as means to lead them astray from the truth and poAver of Christ (Neander, v, 196 sq. ; Gillett, p. 30 sq.). It is ap- parent, from the tenor of Janow's writings, that he took higher ground than the other Hussite forerunners, Wald- hausen and jMilicz — the earliest Bohemian reformers — and that he was, in truth, the Wickliffe of the Bohemi- an Church. The efforts of his predecessors were simply toward a reform in morals and in doctrine, but the ef- forts of Janov/ were directed to a reformation of the cor- rupt Latin system, with a view to remove wholly the yoke of that system. He strove not simply to elevate the moral and religious condition of the priest and the layman, but tlemanded alike privileges for both. Not to the priesthood only, bat to the laity also belonged the communion of both kinds ; not to the popes only, who had haughtily exalted themselves, belonged the right to goveni, but all bishops should share the same privileges ; in short, his idea was that the organism of the Church is one in which all the members should be connected according to their several ranks, and co-oper- ate together like the head and members in the human body (comp. Reichel, See of Borne in the Middle Ages, p. 600). We need not wonder that Janow, although he did not suffer the pimishment of a heretic, was not long permitted to cast abroad seeds which must result in the overthrow of the papal hierarchy, and the removal of many strong barriers which protected the priesthood in these days of darkness and of sin. Having urged upon the emperor the need of a council, the pope declared Janow guilty of disseminating heretical opinions, and he was obliged to leave Prague. It is said that he re- canted in 1389 before the Sj'nod of Prague, which had arraigned him, but it is evident from his writings that he never changed his opinions, for one of his last decla- rations was, " All that remains for us is to desire a ref- ormation by the overthrow of the antichrist himself, to lift up our heads and see our redemption near." Six- teen years after his death (1410), his writings, it is gen- erally admitted, were committed to the flames, together with those of Wickliffe. See Palacky, Geschichte von Bohmen, HI, i, 173 sq. ; Neander, Church History, v, 192 sq.; GiUett, Huss and his Times, i, 26 sci. U. H, W.)
Jansen or Jansenius, Cornelius (1), a distin- guished Belgian theologian, was born at Hulst in 1510. He studied theologj^ at the LTniversity of Louvain, and acquired at the same time a thorough knowledge of Greek and Hebrew. In 1538 he went to Tongerloo as professor of theology, and became successively curate of St. Martin at Courtray in 1550, dean of the theological faculty of Louvain in 1562, and was soon after sent by Philip II to the Council of Trent. On his return to the Netherlands he was made bishop of Ghent in 1568. He died April 10, 1576. His works on Scripture enjoyed great reiiutation. He wrote Concordia EvangeKca et ejusdem Concordice ratio (Louvain, 1549, 8vo) : — Para- phrasis in omms Psalmos Davidicos (Louv. 1849, 4to): — Commentarii in Conco?-diani ac totam Historiam Evan- gelicam (Louvaui, 1572, 1577, and 1617, fol.; Lyon, 1597
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and 1606, folio ; often reprinted at Antwerp and Venice [this is his chief work]) : — Annotationes in libruni Sa- jrimtim Salomonis (Antwerp, 1589, 4to): — Commeiitarii in Proverhia Salomonis et JLcdesiasHnnn, ctp. Sec Si- monis, Or alio in funere J ansenii ; GnUin ('lirisiiiiini (vol. vi) ; Sander, De illustrihus Ganclis ; (iciulnanlus, ( 'hron- icon ; Foppens, Bibl. Belgica ; Mirsens, JJe liicrijttoribus Scvculi xvi ; Pope-Blount, Censura A ut07-um ; Fabricius, Hist. Bihlioth. — Hoefer, Nouvelle Biog. Generale, xxvi, 344. (J. N. P.)