where oi "EXX>;i'fc.) The fourth son of Japheth, and the father of Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim (Gen. X, 2, 4 ; 1 Chron. i, 5, 7). B.C. post 2514. Hence for the country settled by his posterity, supposed to be Greece, I. Q.Ionia (whence the Heb. name), which prov- ince, settled by colonists from the mother country, was better known to the Orientals, as lymg nearer to them, than Hellas itself (see Gesenius, T/ies.Heb.Tp.bHl). It is mentioned among the places where the Syrians ob- tained articles of traffic (comp. Bochart, P/uilcf/, iii, 3), namely, brass and slaves (Ezek. xxvii, 13) ; as a distant country among the "isles of the sea" (Isa. Ixvi, 19). Alexander the (Jreat is styled king of Javan (" Gra;cia," Dan. viii, 21 ; x, 20 ; comp. xi, 2 ; Zech. ix, 13). In Joel iii, 0, the patronymic occurs Q'^3^'|'rt"^!33, sons of " the Grfficians," like the poetic vli^ 'Axniwv. See Etiisol- OGV. This name, or its analogue, is found as a designa- tion of Greece not only in all the Shemitic dialects, but also in the Sanscrit, the Old Persic, and the Egyptian (Knobel, Volkertafel, p. 78 sq.), and the form 'laoviQ ap- pears in Homer as the designation of the early inhabi- tants of Attica {lliml, xiii, 085), while ^schylus and Aristopliancs make their Persian interlocutors call the Greeks 'lao%>tc (/Eschylus, Pvrs. 174, 555, 911, etc. ; Aris- toph. A churn. 104, 100), and the Scholiast on the latter of these passages from Aristophanes expressly says, Yidv- TUQ rov(; "E\\j/v«c 'idopat: oi ftapjiapoi tKciXovv. " The occurrence of the name in the cuneiform inscrip- tions of the time of Sargon (about B.C. 709), in the form of Yavnmi or Ytinnn, as descriptive of the isle of Cj-prus, where the Assyrians first came in contact with the pow- er of the Greeks, further shows that its use was not con- fined to the Hebrews, but was widely spread throughout the East. The name was probably introduced into Asia by the Phrenicians, to whom the lonians were natinally better known than any other of the Hellenic races on f ilu'ir commercial activity and the high pros- perity of their towns on the western coast of Asia ISIi- nor. The extension of the nar.ie westward to the gen- eral body of the Greeks, as they became known to the Hebrews through the Phcenicians, was but a natural process, analogous to that which we have already had to notice in the case of Chittim. It can hardly be im- agined that the early Hebrews themselves had any act- ual acquaintance with the Greeks ; it is, however, worth mentioning, as illustrative of the communication which existed between the Greeks and the East, that, amongst the artists who contributed to the ornamentation of Esarhaddon's palaces, the names of several Greek artists appear in one of the inscriptions (Rawlinson'a Herod, i, 483). At a later period the Hebrews must have gained considerable knowledge of the (Jreeks through the EgA-p- tians. Psammetichus (B.C. 004-010) employed lonians and Carians as mercenaries, and showed them so much favor that the war-caste of Egypt forsook him in a body : the (Jrecks were settled near Bubastis, in a part of the countrj' with which the Jews were famiUar (Herod, ii, 154). The same policy was followed by the succeeding monarchs,especiallyAmasis (B.C. 571-525), who gave the Greeks Naucratis as a commercial emporium. It is tol- erably certain that any information which the Hebrews acquired in relation to the Greeks must have been through the indirect means to which we have adverted ; the Greeks themselves were very slightly acquainted with the southern coast of Syria until the invasion of Alexander the (ireat. The earliest notices of Palestine occur in the works of Hecatajus (B.C. 594-480), who mentions only the two towns Canytis and Cardytus ; the next are in Herodotus, who describes the country as Syria Paltestina, and notices incidentally the towns As- calon, Azotus, Ecbatana (Batauica?), and Cadytis, the same as the Canytis of Hecatreus, probably Gaza. These towns were on the border of Egypt, with the exception of the nncertaia Ecbatana, and it is therefore highly probable that no (ireek had, down to this late period, travelled through Palestine" (Smith). See Gkeeck. 2. (Sept. olvo<; v. r. 'Iwvuv, 'laovciv.) A region or
JAVELIN
792
JEALOUSY
town of Arabia Felix, whence the Syrians procured manufactures of iron, cassia, and calamus (Ezek, xxvii, 19) ; probably the Javan mentioned in the Camus (p, 1817) as " a town of Yemen," and " a port of Ispahan." Some confound this with the preceding name (Credner and Hitzig, on Joel iii, G ; see Meier on Joel, p. 1G6), but Tuch (oh Gen. p. 210) suggests that it may have been so named as having been founded by a colony of Greeks. By a change of reading (see Hiivernick, ad loc.) in an associated word (bnKp,/wm Uzal, forbjIX^S, S2mn,\. e. thread), some critics have thought they find another place mentioned in the same vicinity (see Bochart, Pha- lerj, I, ii, 21 ; Rosenmliller, Bill. Geog. iii, 296-305).
Javelin is the rendering in the Auth. Vers, of two Heb. terms: n"^3n (chanith', so called from \is flexibili- ty), a lance (1 Sam. xviii, 10, 11; xix, 9, 10; xx, 33; elsewhere "spear"); and npH {ro'vuicli, from its jner- cing), a lance for heavj^-armed troops (Numb, xxv, 7 ; "lancet," i. e. spear-head, 1 Kings xviii, 28; "buclder," incorrectly, 1 Chron. xii, 8; elsewhere "spear"). See Armor.