4. It remains to indicate the location of other public
Double-vanlted Passage helowtheMosq'.ieel-Aksa. (From Lieutenant Warren's Sketch, Dec. 2], lS67,iu Tracings of the "Palestine Exploration Fund.")
hnihJinrja and objects of note connected with the ancient city. The topogniphy of the Temple will be consider- ed in detail under that article.
(((.) Within the Upper City— Z?o«.— (1.) HeroiVs Pal- arc 'i'his, Josephus states ( War, v, 4, 4), adjoined the towers Ilii)piciis, etc., on the north side of the old wall, being " entirely walled about to the height of 30 cubits, with towers at etjual distances." Its precise dimensions in all are not given, but it must have covered a large area with its " innumerable rooms,'' its " many portJcocs" and "courts," with "several groves of trees, and long walks through them, with deep canals and cisterns." Similar descriptions are also given in A nt. xv, 9. 3 ; War, i, 21, 1. We do not regard it, however, as identical with the dining-hall built by Herod Agrippa on Zion {Ant. XX, 8, 11), for that was only a wing to the former palace of the Asmonajans (apparently a reconstruction of the ancient "king's house"), and lay nearer the Temple {War, ii, 16,3) — the adjoining "portico" or "gallery" mentioned in these passages being probably a covered portion of the Xyslus. One of the ground aijarlmciits of this ])iiildiiig ajijicars to have been the procm-ator's prwloriinn, mentioned in the accoinit of Christ's trial before Pilate (John xviii,28,33; xix, 9; Mark xv, IG), as Josephus informs us {War, ii, 14, 8) that the Komaii governors took up their quarters in the palace, and set up their tribunal (compare Jlatt. xxvii, 19) in front (i. e. at the eastern entrance) of it (namely, on the "/"are- ment" of John xix, 13).
(2.) There is no reason to suppose that David's Tomh occupied any other position than that now shown as his burial-place on INIount Zion. It was within the pre- cincts of the old city (1 Kings ii, 10); Nehemiah men- tions it as surviving the first overthrow of the city (Neh. iii, 16) ; Peter refers to it as extant at Jerusalem in his time (Acts ii, 29) ; and Josephus alludes to it as a costly and noble vault of sepulture (.4 ?;?. xiii, 8, 4 ; xvi, 7, 1). The present edifice, however, is doubtless a compara- tively modern structure, erected over the site of the an- cient monument, now buried by the accumulated rubbish of ages.
(3.) The Armory referred to in Neh. iii, 19, has al- ready been located at the bend of the branch wall from a north-east to a north-west direction, a little below the bridge. Its place was probably represented in our Sav- iour's time by an improved building for some similar public purpose.
(4.) The Kinr/s House, so often mentioned in the Old Testament, has also been sufficiently noticed above, and its probable identity with Herod Agrippa's "dining-hall" pointed out.
{b.) "Withhi the Lower City— .4«-rt and Ophel.— {I.) Josephus informs us (H'^r, vi, G, 3) that "Queen IJele- na's Palace w an in the middle of Acra," apparently upon the -summit of that hill, near the modem site of the tra- ditionary " palace of Herod." It is also mentioned as the (north-east) limit of Simon's occupancy in the Low- er City ( I F«r, v, G, 1).
(2.) There were doubtless Bazaars in ancient as in modern Jerusalem, but of these we have no account ex- cept in two or three instances. Josephus mentions "a place where were the merchants of wool, the braziers, and the market for cloth,"just inside the second wall, not far from its junction with the first {War,\,i<, 1). It would also seem from Neh. viii, 1, 16, that there was some such place of general resort at the head of theTy- ropfuon. A "baker's street" or row of shops is referred to in Jer. xxxvii, 21, but its position is not indicated, al- tliough it appears to have been in some central part of the city. See also Maktesii. Perhaps bazaars were stretched along the low tract between the Ephraim-gate and the northern brow of Zion,
(3.) The Xystus is frequently mentioned by Josojihus as a i)lace of popular assemblage between Zion anil the Temj^le, and between the bridge and the old wall ( War, V, 4, 2 ; vi, 3, 2 ; G, 2 ; 8, I ), We have therefore thought that it would scarcely be included within the Upper
JERUSALEM
852
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City, the abode of the aristocracy, where, moreover, it would not be so generally ac- cessible.
(4.) The Prison, so often referred to in the Old Testament (Neh. iii, 24, 25 ; Jer. xxxii, 2 ; xxxviii, G), must Iiave been situated in the north-west corner of the.inclosure which we have designated as "JMillo," near the "Prison-gate" (Neh. xii, 39), and Petei b " iron gate" (Acts xii, 10). See Prison.
(5.) Oil the ridge of Ophel, not far from the "Fountain of the Virgin," appears t > liave stood the Palace of Monobazus, other- wise styled that of Grapte (Josephus, Wai , V, 6, 1; 4,2; iv, 9, 11 ; vi, 7, 1).
(tj.) Josephus states {Ant. xv, 8,1) that Herod " built a theatre at Jerusalem, as al > a very great amphitheatre in the \Aain but this notice is too indefinite to enable n> to fix the site of these buildings. He aL > speaks elsewhere (.4?*^ xvii, 10, 2) of a hi] - podrome somewhere near the Temple, but whether it was the same as the amphithea- tre is impossible to determine; the purpos( b of the three edifices, however, would appear to have been different.