(c.) Within the New City— Bezetha.— (I.) The .Von- rnnents q/'kiug Alexander, referred to by Josephus ( War, v, 7, 3) were on the south-west edge of the proper hill Bezetha, nearly opposite the Fish-gate, as the circum- stances there narrated seem to require. This will also agree with the subsequent erection of the second engine by the Romans (evidently by the same party of be- siegers operating on this quarter, " a great way off" from the other), which was reared at 20 cubits' distance from the pool Struthius (i6iU xi, 4), being just south of this monument.
(2.) The Sepulchre of Christ was not far from the place of the Cruci.ixion (John xix, 42) ; if, therefore, the modern church occupy the true Calvary, we see no good reason to dispute the identity of the site of the tomb still shown in the middle of the west rotunda of that building. See Golgotha.
(3.) The Camp of the A ssyrlam was on the north- west side of the city (Isa. xxvi, 2; 2 Kings xviii, 17), identical with the site of Titus's second camp within the outer wall, but sufliciently outside the second wall to be beyond the reach of darts from it (Josephus, War, v, 7, 3 ; 12, 2), so that we can well refer it only to the western part of the general swell which terminates in the knoll of Calvarj'.
(4.) The Monument o/the high-priest John is to be lo- cated near the bottom of the north edge of Zion, a little east of the tower Mariamne (Josephus, War, v, 11,4; G, 2; 9,2; 7,3).
((/.) In the Environs of the citj-.— (1.) HerocTs Monu- ments we incline to locate on the brow of the ridge south of the " upper pool of Gihon" (see Josephus, War, v, 3, 2; 12,2).
(2.) The Villacje of the Erebinthi is mentioned by Jo- sephus {ibid) as lying along this line of blockade south of Herod's Monuments, and therefore probably on the western edge of Gihon, near the modern hamlet of Abu- Wa'ir.
(3.) The Fullers' Field we take to be the broad Valley of Gilion, especially between the two pools of that name; for not only its designation, but all the notices respect- ing it (Isa. vii, 3 ; xxxvi, 2 ; 2 Kings xviii, 17), indicate its proximity to these waters. See Fuli.ehs' Fiku).
(4.) Pompeifs Camp is placed by Josephus ( War, v, 12. 2) on a mountain, which can be no other than a low- er spur of the modern "Hill of Evil Counsel." Tliis must have been that general's preliminary camp, for, when he captured the city, "he pitched his camp with- in [his own line of circumvallation, the outer wall beinn- then unbuilt], on the north side of the Temple" (Aiit. xiv, 4, 2). * ^
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(5.) There is no good ground to dispute the tradi- tionary site of Aceldama or the Potter's Field (Matt. xxvii, 7, 8), in the face of the south brow of the Valley of Hinnom. See Aceldajia.
(G.) The Monument of Ananus [i.e. Annas or Hana- niah ], the high-priest, mentioned by Josephus ( War, v, 12, 2), must have been just above the site of Aceldama.
(7.) The Kinf/s Garden (Neh. iii, 15) could have been no other than the well-watered plot of ground around the well of En-Rogel, wliere were also the king's wine- presses (Zech. xiv, 10).
(8.) The rock Peristereon (literally "pigeon-holes"), referred to by him in the same connection, has been not inaptly identified with the perforated face of the Valley of Jehoshaphat at the foot of the Mount of Olives, where modern tradition assigns the graves of Jehoshaphat, Ab- salom, James, and Zechariah.
(9.) The second of these ruins from the north is prob- ably the veritable Pillar of Absalom, referred to in the Scriptures (2 Sam. xviii, 18), and by Joseplivs as if ex- tant in his day (" a marble pillar in the king's dale [the Valley of Jehoshaphat, which led to ' the king's gar- dens'], two furlonys distant from Jerusalem'" {Ant. vii, 10, 3). See Absaloji's Tomb.
(10.) The last and most interesting spot in this sur- vey is the garden of Gethsemane, which tradition has so consistently located that nearly every traveller has ac- knowledged its general identity. Respecting its size, however, we know very little ; but we are unable to per- ceive the propriety of supposing a village of the same name to have been located near it. See Gethsemane.
(11.) Finally, we may briefly recapitulate the differ- ent points in the Romans' icall of circumvallation, dur- ing the siege by Titus, as given by Josephus (War, v, 12, 2), at the same time indicating their identity as above determined: "Titus began the wall from the camp of the Assyrians, where his own camp ^vas pitch- ed [i.e., near the north-west angle of the modern city wall], and drew it [in a north-east curve] down to the lower parts of the Ne'^v City [following the general di- rection of the present north wall] ; tlience it went [south- easterly] along [the eastern bank of] the Valley of Ke- dron to the Mount of Olives; it then bent [directly] to- wards the south, and encompassed the [western slope of that] mountain as far the rock Peristereon [the tombs of Jehoshaphat, etc.], and [of] that other hill | tlio Mount of Offence] which lies next it [on the south], and | which] is over [i.e. east of] the Valley [of Jehoslia])liat ] which reaches to Siloam ; whence it bent again to the west, and went down [the hill] to the Valley of the Fountain [the wady En-Nar], beyond wliich it went up again at the monument of Aiianus the high-priest [above Aceldama],