Judson, Sarah Boardman, was born in Al- stead, N. H., Nov. 4, 1803. She was the daughter of Ralph and Abia Hidl, and was married to the Rev. George D. Boardman in 1825, with whom she proceeded to Tavoy, Burmah, and in liis missionary work shared great dangers and sufferings. Her husband died in 1831. Two of her children had previously died, and with one child, a son, left to her, she continued to prose- cute her missionary work. In 1834 she married Ur. Judson, and in 1845, in consequence of failing health, she left Burmah for America, accompanied by her hus- oand. On their arrival at St. Helena Mrs. Judson died, Sept. 3, 1845, She translated the New Testament and Burmese tracts into Pcguan, and Pilrjrim's Progress into Burmese, Of her a writer in the Calcutta Revino says (vol. xiv), " Exquisite sensibility, a poet's soul and imagination, great natural abilities, thorough unselfish- ness, and a woman's depth of love and affection, all shrouded by the most unpretending meekness and de- votion, were some of the elements which blended to- gether to form a character of extreme beauty." Her poem commencing '' We part on this green islet, love," etc., is enough to entitle her to high praise as a poet. (J. T. G.)
Judson, Emily Chubbuck, wife of Dr. Adoni- ram Judson, was born in Eaton, New York, in 1818. She contril)uted to the magazine literature of the country in early life under the assumed title of "Fanny Forester." She had contemplated becoming a missionary from early Ufe, and marrying Dr. Judson June 2, 1846, she sailed with him from Boston for India, where she "employed all her strength in advancing the holy cause in wliich he was engaged." After his decease she was compelled, by reason of feeble health, to relinquish her mission work, and returned with her children to America. She rendered good service to Dr. Wayland in the prepara- tion of his memoir of Dr. Judson. She died June 1, 1854. Her published works are " Alderbrook ; a collection of Fanny Forester's Village Sketches and Poems" (Boston, 1846, 2 vols.) ; and the " Biographical Sketch of JNIrs. Sa- rah B. Judson" quoted below. There are, besides, a good- ly number of separate poems, of exquisite beauty of sen- timent and of great pathos, of which we mention only My Bird and The two Mammas. See Wayland, Life and Labors of Adoniram Judson (Boston, 1854, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Calcutta Beviev, vol. xiv ; T/ie Judson OJcf-hu/, edited by J.Dowling,D.D. (New ^'nrk. 1.S4S ): Biofimph- ical Sketch of Sarah B.Jiidsm,. by Mrs. Kniilv ('.Jud- son (New York, 1849); Knowles. A//;- <fMrs. Aim If. Judson ; Kendrick, Life and Letters of M/s. Emily C. Judson (1861) ; Stuart, Lives of Mrs. Ami IL Judson and Sai-ah B. Judson, with a Bioqrajthical Sketch of Mrs. Emily C. Judson (1853). (J. T. G.)
Ju'el (Tov/jX), a Grrecized form (1 Esdr. ix,o4,35) of two Heb. names : a. in the former verse Uel (Ezra X, 34) ; h. in the latter Joel (Ezra x, 43).
JUENNIN
1089
JULIAN THE APOSTATE
Juennin, Gaspard, a French Roman Catholic the- olognin, was born at Varembon (Bresse) in 1G50, en- tered the Oratory in 1C74, anil taught literature, philos- ophy, and theology in several schools of the congrega- tion of the Oratory. He died in 1713. He deserves special recognition as a theological writer. His princi- pal works are, (1) Commentarius Ilktorkiis it dogmati- cus de Sucrumeiitis (Lyons, 1C9G, 2 vols. fol.). This work contains, besides the commentary, three dissertations on censures, irregularities, and indulgences, and deserves special notice for the fact that it is the first work of modern theologians treating at length the subject of the sacraments: — (2) Institutiones Theologicm (Lyons, 1G96, 4 vols. r2mo, and often), which was used for some time as a text-book of theology in several Roman Cath- olic institutions ; a revised edition, expunging some ob- jectionable views, was prepared by Juennin in 1705, and the work continued in use. In 1708 he published an abridgment of it as a CompemUuni Theologio' (Paris, 1708, 12mo). He also published a separate treatise on the sacraments, Theorie et jjratique dcs Sacraments (Paris, 1713, 3 vols. r2rao), which is valuable. See Hook, Ec- cles. Diet, vi, 367.
Juggernaut. See Jaggernaut. -
Jugglers, a v/ord brought into English from the medianal Latin joculator (in FTOvencal,jof/la?;jofflador; in old French, yo«/;'/e/-e or jonff/ier), through the modern French jonr/leur, and originally used to designate the professional musicians who attended the Troubadors and Trouvercs of Provence and the north of France, cither singing their poems, or, if they sung them themselves, accompanying them with an instrument, which was reckoned beneath the dignity of the ]ioet himself. This profession was in the Middle Ages ( from the 1 1 th to the 15th centurj') an honorable one, but it gradually died out, or at least lost its respectability, and jugglers became a term for rope-dancers, and all that class of persons who sought to gratify the ]iopulace by sleight of hand or Teats of agility, until in our own day, finally, it has come to be used as a synonyme of conjurer, and is ap- plied to persons who perform tricks of legerdemain (q. v.). See also the articles Exorcism ; Sorcery.
Jugulum. See Transexxa.
Juice (0'^5^', asis', as freshly trodden from grapes), new wine (as rendered Isa. xlix, 2G, etc.) ; hence fer- mented liquor of pomegranates (Cant, viii, 2). See Wine.