tors, placed among the works of doubtful genuineness. But it is now generally allowed that the precision of its orthodoxy, and the use of various terms not in use in Justin's time, make it evident that it was written at any rate after the commencement of the Arian controversy, and probably after the Nestorian, or even the Eutychian controversy. Grabe, Ceillier, and some others ascribe it to Justinus Siculus. 10. 'ATroKpiatis Trpog rovg 6p- S'odoKove Trepi Ttvu/v avayKaioiv Zv'VI^^t^^v, Respon- siones ad Orthodoxos de quibusdam Kecessariis Qucbs- tionibus. This is confessedly spurious. 11. 'EpwrrimiQ XpiaTiaviKai Trpbg roiig "EWijvaQ, Qucestiones Chris- tiana; ad Gracos, and 'Epwr/j(T£ie'EX\?jvtKrai irpuQ tovq XpicrnavovQ, Qucestiones Grmcce ad Christianas. Kest- ner alone of modem writers contends for the genuine- ness of these pieces. It is thought by some that either these answers, etc., or those to the Orthodox just men- tioned, are the 'AivopiCjv Kara tT}Q evaelSsuig KecpaXaiM- Stig tTTiXvaiig, Brief Resolutions of Doubts unfavorable to Piety, mentioned by Photius {Bibl, cod. 125). 12. Epistola ad Zenam et Serenum, commencing 'lovnrlvog Zr]j'^ Kai StpTjvii) toXq dSt\(poTg xa'ipin>, Justinus Zenxe et Sereno fratribus salutem. This piece is by the learn- ed (except Grabe, Cave, and a few others) rejected from the works of Justin MartjT. Halloix, Tillemont, and Ceillier ascribe it to a Justin, abbot of a monastery near Jerusalem, in the reign of the emperor Heraclius, of whom mention is made in the life of St. Anastasius the Persian ; but Maran considers that as doubtful"
(4.) Lost Works. — 13. 'S.vVTayj.ia Kara ■KaaSjv rutv yeysvt]peviov atpsaiwv, Liber contra omnes Llcereses, mentioned by Justin himself in his Apologia Prima (c. 2G, p. 70, ed. Maran : i, 194, ed. Otto), and therefore ante- cedent in the time of its composition to that work. 14. Aoyoot or 'S.vyynapi.ia Kara MapKluvog, or Tlpoe Map- Kuova, Contra Marcionem (Irenams, Adv. Hceres. iv, 6, conf. V, 2G ; Jerome, De Vir. Illustribus, c. 23 ; Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. iv, 11; Photius, i?/i/. cod. 125). "Baumgar- ten-Crusius and Otto conjecture that this work against Marcion was a part of the larger work. Contra omnes Ilwreses, just mentioned ; but Jerome and Photius clear- ly distinguish them. The fragment De Resurrectione. Carnis, preserved by Joannes Damascenus {Sacra Par- all. Opera, ii, 756, etc., ed. Lequien), and usually printed with the works of Justin, is thought by Otto to be from the IJber contra omnes IJcereses, or from that against Marcion (supposing them to be distinct works), for no separate treatise of Justin on the Resurrection appears to have been known to Eusebius, or Jerome, or Photiufi; but such a work is cited by Procopius of Gaza, In Octu- ttiich. ad Genes, iii, 21. Semisch, however (book ii, sect, i, c. iv), who, with Grabe and Otto, contends for the gen- uineness of the fragment, which he vindicates against the objections of Tillemont, Le Nourrj^, Maran, Neander, and others, thinks it was an independent work." 15. ^d\Ti]g, Psaltes, a work the nature of which is not known; and, 16. Uepi i//i'X')c» -De Anima — both men- tioned by Eusebius {Hist. Eccl. iv, 18) and Jerome (I. c). Besides these works Justin WTote several others, of which not even the names have come down to us (Eu- sebius, iv, 18), but the follomng are ascribed to him on insufficient grounds. 17. 'TTrojxvrjfxaTa dg 'E^aijpepov, Commentarius in Hexaemeron, a work of which a frag- ment, cited from Anastasius Sinaita {In Ilexaem. lib. vii), is given by Grabe {Spicil. SS. Patr. vol. s. srec. ii, p. 195) and Maran {0pp. Justin.). Maran, however, doubts it is Justin's, and observes that the words of Anastasius do not imply that Justin WTote a separate work on the subject. 18. Ylphg EiKpodaiov aoipKJTijv Trspl Trpovoiag KalTj-itTTtojg, Adversus Euphrasium Sophistam,de Prov- identia et Fide, of which a citation is preserved by ]\Iax- imus {Opus. Polemica, ii, 154, ed. Combefis). This trea- tise is probably the work of a later Justin. 19. .1 Com- mentary on the Apocalypse. The supposition that Jus- tin wrote such a work is probably founded on a misun- derstanding of a passage in Jerome {De Viris Illustr. c. 9), who says that " Justin Martyr interpreted the Apoc-
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alypse," but without saymg that it was in a separate work. The authorship of the work Tlfpi tov -jravTuc, De Universo, mentioned by Photius (^Bihl. cod. 48), was, as lie tells us, disputed, some ascribing it to Justin, but j apiiarently with little reason. It is now assigned to Hijipolytus (q. v.).
" Nearly all the works of Justin, genuine and spurious (viz. all enumerated above in the first three divisions, except the Oratio ad Grcecos and the Epistola ud Diotj- wtum), were pubUshcd by Eobert Stephens, Paris, 1551, fol. This is the eilitio princeps of the collected works ; but the Cohortatio ad Grcecos had been previously pub- lished, with a Latin version, Paris, 1539, 4to, There is no discrimination or attempt at discrimination in this edition of Stephens between the genuine and spurious works. The Oratio ad Grcecos, and the Epistola ad Di- ognetum, with a Latin version and notes, were published by Henry Stephens, Paris, 1592, 4to, and again in 1595. All these works, real or supposed, of Justin were pub- lished, with the Latin version of Langus, and notes by Fred. Sylburgius, Heidelberg, 1593, fol. ; and this edition was reprinted, Paris, 1615 and 1G36, fol., with the addi- tion of some remains of other early fathers; and Cologne, (or rather Wittenberg), 1G8G, fol., with some further ad- ditions. A far superior edition, with the remains of Ta- tiau. Athenagoras, Theophilus of Antioch, and Hcrmias the Philosopher, with a learned preface and notes, was pubUshcd, '• opera et studio unius ex Monachis congreg. S. Slauri," i. e. by Prudentius ISIaranus, or Maran (Paris, 1742, fol.). In this the genuine pieces, according to the judgment of the editor (Nos. 1-6 in our enumeration), are given in the body of the work, together with the Epistola ad Dioffnetum, of the authorship of which Ma- ran was in doubt. The two Apologies were placed in their right order for the first time in this edition. The remaining works, together with fragments which had been collected by Grabe (who had first published in his Spicilcffium SS. Patnnn tlie fragment on the Resurrec- tion from Joannes Damasccnus) and others, and the Alartyrum S.Justini, of which the Greek text was first published in the Acta Sanctorum, Aprilis, vol. ii, were given in the Appendix. From the time of Maran, no complete edition of Justin was published until that of Otto (Jena, 1842-44, 2 vols. 8vo; new edition, 1847-50, 3 vols. 8vo). The first volume contains the Oratio et Cohortatio ad Grcecos, and the Apologia Prima and Apologia Secunda. The second contains the Dialogus cum Tryplwiw, the Epistola ad Diognetum, the frag- ments, and the Acta Martyrii Justini et Sociorum. Numerous valuable editions of the several pieces ap- peared, chiefly in England. The Apologia Prima was edited by Grabe (Oxford, 1700, 8vo) ; the Apologia Se- cunda, Oratio ad Grcecos, Cohortatio ad Grcecos, and Be Monarchia, by Hutchin (Oxford, 1703, 8vo); and the Dialogus cum Tryphone, by Jebb (Lond. 1719, 8vo). These three editions had the Latin version of Langus, and variorum notes. The Apologia Prima, Apologia Secunda, and Dialogus cum Tryphone, from the text of Eobert Stephens, with some corrections, with the ver- sion of Langus, and notes, were edited by Thirlbj', and published, Lond. 1722, folio. It has been conjectured that this valuable edition, though published under the name of Thirlby, was really by Markland. The Apologia Pri- ma, Apologia Secunda. Dialogus cum Tryphone, and the fragments, are given in the first volume of the Bihlio- theca Patrum of Galland. "\^'e do not profess to have enumerated all the editions of the Greek text, and we have not noticed the Latiii versions. Full information will be found in the prefaces of Maran and Otto. There are English translations of the Apologies by Reeves, of the Dialogue with Trypho by Brown, and of the Exhor- tation to the Gentiles by Moses."