Kimmcsh, Kimosh. See Nettle.
Ki "nah (Ilcb. Kinah', ni'^p, an eler/y, as iu Jer. ix,, 9, etc. ; Septuag. Kii/a v. r. 'Iicrt/i), a city in the extreme south of Judah (hence prob. includefl within the terri- tory of Simeon), mentioned between Jagur and Dimo- nah (Josh, xv, 22). " Stanley {Sinai and Pal. p. 100) in- geniously connects Kinah with the Kenites (ijip), who settled in this district (Judg. i, 16). But it should not be overlooked that tlie list in Josh, xv purports to re- cord the to^vnis as they were at the conquest, while the settlement of the Kenites probably (though not certain- ly) did not take place till after it. It is mentioned in the Onomasticon of Eusebius and Jerome (s. v. Kivd, Cina), but not so as to imply that they had any actual knowledge of it. Witli the sole exception of Schwarz {Palest, p. 99), it appears to be unmentioned by any trav-
KINANAII
82
KING
eller, and the ' town Chidh, situated near the wilderness of Zin,' with which lie woulil identify it, is not to be found in liis own or any other map" (Smith). The true position of Kinali can only be conjecturally located as not far from the Dead Sea, possibly in wady Fikreh.
Kiuanah. See IMakuaii.
Kindervater.CiiuiSTiANYicTOR, a German preach- er and philosopher of the Kantian school, was born at Neuenheilii^en, Thuringia, in 1758, and was educated at the University of Leipzig. lie became pastor at Pedel- witz, near Leipzig, in 1790 ; in 1804, general superintend- ent at Eisenach, and died May 9, 180(5. His most im- portant works are, An homo qui animum neyet esse im- moiiakm, aninio possit esse tranquillo (Lips. 1785, 4to) : — Gicht es unerschutterliche Beruhigung in Leiden ohne den aiif Moralitdt gegiiindeten Glaitben an die Unsterb- lichkoit (1797): — Gesprdche iiber das Wesen der Goiter (1787): — Adumhratio qua'stionis, an Fi/n-konis doctri- na omiiis tollatur virtus (1789, 4to): — Hkejitische Dialo- gen iiber die Vortheile der Leiden, vnd Widerv-drtigkeiten dieses Lebens (1788, 8vo) : — Geschichte der Wirkungen der rerschiednen Religionen auf die Siitlichkeit und Gliicksc- ligkeit des Menschengeschlechts in dltern und neuern Zei- ten (1793, 8vo) : — Geist des reinen Christenthunis (1795, 8v'o) : — iJarstellung der Leidensgesch. Jesu (1797, 8vo) : — De indole afque forma regni Messice e mente Johannis BapfistiB Disserlatio (1803, 4to). — King, Encgklop. Lex. vol. ii, s. V. ; Diiring, Deutsche Kanzelredner d. 18'™ und 19'"' Jiihrh. p. 155 sq.
Kindred. I. The following are the Hebrew terms thus rendered in the English Bible :
1. nr!2'i"3, mishpachah' , usually rendered "family," answering to the Latin gens, except that it more dis- tinctly includes the idea of original affinity or deriva- tion from a common stock ; it corresponds exactly ^vith our word clan. It is used of the different tribes of the Canaanitcs (Gen. x, 18) ; of the subdivisions of the He- brew people (Exod.vi, 14; Numb.i, 20, etc.) ; sometimes for one of the tribes (Josh, vii, 17; Judg. xiii, 2, etc.), and in the later books tropically for a people or nation (.ler. viii, 3 ; xxv, 9 ; Ezek. xx, 32 ; Micah ii, 3). It is translated kindred in the A. V. at Gen. xxiv, 41 ; Josh. vi,23; Ruthii, 3; Job xxxii,2 — in all of which it refers to relationship by consanguinity, more or less remote.
2. rribTO, mole'deth, conveys primarily the idea of birth, natiritg ; hence a person born, a child (Gen. xxviii, 9; Lev. xviii, 9, 11), awd persons of the same family or /i««7^e (Gen. xii, 1 ; xxiv, 4; xxxi, 3 ; xliii, 7; Numb. X, 30 ; Esth. ii, 10 ; viii, G — in all which passages it is translated kindred in the A. V.). In some of these in- stances, however, the kinship is only the remote one of common nationality arising out of common descent.
3. r>'^TO, moda'ath, literally knowledge, is used to ex- press blood-relationship in Ruth iii, 2 ; compare "'1T2 (Ruth ii, 1 ; I'rov. vii,4).
4. n?i<?, gcUllah', redemption, a word which properly designated such near relationship by blood as would con- fer the rights and obligations of a bxh, or kinsman, avenger, and redeemer, on the party. See GoiJL. As commonly used, however, it denotes either the thing re- deemed (Ituth iv, tJ), or the right of redeeming (Lev. xxv, 29, etc.), or the redemption price (Lev. xxv, 26, etc.). The only passage in which it is translated kin- dred in the A. V. is Ezek. xi, 15. Ilengstenberg (Chris- tol. iii, 9, E. T.) and Iliivernick (Comment, ad loc.) con- tend that ri?S5 is to be taken here not in the sense of relations/lip, but in that of suretyship or substitution- ary action, and they would translate the passage, '• Thy brethren are the men of thy suretyship," or '' redemp- tion," i. e. the men whom it lies on them to redeem or act for. The Sept. seems to hs\-e read V^r^ij, for they give ai'xpaXwaiag here.
5. nx, acli, which pro]ierly means brother, occurs only once ^vith the rendering kindi-ed in the A, \., m 1 Chron.
xii, 29. It is frequently used elsewhere in a wide sense, and may be nndiTstcxid of nearly all collateral relation- ships whatever, whether by consanguinity, affinity, or simple association. From this comes iTiriX, brotherhood (Zech. xi, 14).