Besides these terms, the Hebrews expressed consan- guinity by such words and phrases as 1t33,y?esA (Gen. xxxvii, 27 ; Isa. Iviii, 7) ; "^"i w^^ '^'?^?j '"^V ^one and my Jlesh (Gen. xxix, 14 ; Judg. ix, 2 ; 2 Sam. v, 1, etc.) ; '^Vi':i,Jlesh (Lev. xviii, 12, 13, etc. ; Numb, xxvii, 41), with niNd, coll. kinswomen (Lev. xviii, 17) ; and "IX'J i'\'Ci^, Jlesh of his flesh (A.V. near of kin, Lev. xviii,G; nigh (fkin, xxv, 49). — Ejtto.
II. In the New Test, we have the following Greek words thus rendered: ykvoc, the most general and fre- quent term, our kin, i. e. birth relationship, with its de- rivative avyysveia, co-relationship; TraTpia (Acts iii, 25), descent in a direct line (" lineage," Luke ii, 4 ; '• fam- ily," Eph. iii, 15); and tf>vX//(Rev.v,9; vii, 9; xi,9; xiii, 7 ; xiv, 6), a tribe (as elsewhere rendered).
In addition to these lleb. and Greek words, various others of cognate derivation or similar signilication are frequently rendered '' kin," "kinship," etc.
III. The terms expressive of immediate relationship are father, siotuki!, brother, sister, son, daugh- ter ; those expressing collateral consanguinity are un- cle, aunt, nephew (niece does not occur in the A.V., but brother's or sister's daughter), cousin; those ex- pressive of affinity are p\\theu-in-law, jiother-in- LAw, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in- law, siSTER-iN-L.\w. See each of these in their place,
IV. The relations of kindred, expressed by few words, and imperfectly defined in the earliest ages, acquired in course of time greater significance and Avider infiuence. The full list of relatives cither by consanguinity, i. e. as arising from a common ancestor, or by affinity, i. e. as created by marriage, may be seen detailed in the Cor- pus Juiis Civ. Digest, lib. xxxviii, tit. 10, de Gradibus; see also Corp. Jur. Canon. Deer, ii, c. xxxv, 9, 5. See Affinity.
The domestic and economical questions arising out of kindred may be classed imder the three heads of JIak- RiAGE, Inheritance, and Blood -Revenge, and the reader is referred to tlie articles on those subjects for in- formation thereon. It is clear that the tendency of the jNIosaic law was to increase the restrictions on marriage, by defining more precisely the relations created by it, as is shown bj' the cases of Abraham and IMoses. For in- formation on the general subject of kindred and its obli- gations, see Selden, De Jure Ncdurali, lib. v ; INIichaelis, Lairs of Moses, ed. Smith, ii, 3G ; Knobel on Lev. xviii ; Philo, he Spec. Leg. iii, 3, 4, 5, vol. ii, p. 301-304, ed, ;Man- gey; Burckhardt, .1 ?y;6 Tribes, i, 150; \\^ci\,Bibl. Arch. ii, 50, § 106, 107.— Smith. See Kinsman.
Kine (T\^'^.j}arah,' i. q. fruitful, a heifer, Gen. xxxii, 15; xli, 2-27; and so rendered in Numb, xix, 2-9; also a young milch-cow, 1 Sam, vi, 7-14 ; " cow," Job xxi, 10 ; Isa, xi, 7; a "heifer" just broken to the yoke, Hos. iv, 16 ; put as a symbol of a voluptuous female, Amos iv, 1 : sometimes in the Auth.Vers. for r|bx, c'leph, usually an or, as rendered in Psa. viii. 8; Prov. xiv, 4; Isa. xxx, 24; but fcm. in Dent, vii, 13 ; xxviii, 4, 18, 51 ; also for "Ip2, i(;/iY//-', Dent, xxxii, 14; 2 Sam, xvii, 29; a beeve or one of a herd of cattle, elsewhere without distinction of sex, and rendered " ox,'' '■ bullock," " herd," etc). See Cow.
King (Ileb. and Chald. Tyi'2, me'hk, ruler; ftaai- \iv<j), the most general term for an absolute, indepen- dent, and life-long sovereign.
1. Scriptural Applications of the Title. — In the Bible the name does. not always imply the same degree of pov.-er or importance, neither does it indicate the magni- tude of the dominion or territory of the national ruler thus designated (Gen. xxxvi, 31). Many persons are
KING
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called " kings" in Scripture whom we should rather de- nominate chiefs or leaders ; and many single towns, or towns with their adjacent villages, are said to have kings. Hence we need not be surprised at seeing that so small a country as Canaan contained thirty-one kinr/s who were conquered (Josh, xii, 9, 24), besides many wlio no doubt escaped the arms of Joshua. Adonibezek him- sslf, no very po\verful king, mentions seventy kliif/s whom he had subdued and mutilated (Judg. i, 7 ; 1 Kings iv, 21 ; XX, 1, 16). Ii^ven at the present day the heads of Arab tribes are often called " king," which in this case also means no more than sheik or chief. In like man- ner, in the New Test., owing to the peculiar political re- lations of the Jews, the title " king" has very different significations: (1.) The Roman emperor (1 Pet. ii, 13, 17); and so the " seven kings" (Rev. xvii, 10) are perhaps the first seven Caesars (comp. Thilo, Apocr. 579). (2.) Herod Antipas (Matt, xiv, 9 ; Mark vi, 22), although only tetrarch (compare Luke iii, 19). (3.) 8o also the ten provincial representatives of the Roman government (Rev. xvii, 12), as being supreme within their respective jurisdictions. See Governor, etc.
" King," in symbolical language, signifies the possess- or of supreme power, whether lodged in one or more per- sons (Rrov. viii, 15, IG). It is applied in the Scriptures to (iod, as the sole proper sovereign and ruler of the universe (1 Tim. i, 17), and to Christ, the Son of God, the sole Head and Governor of his Church (1 Tim. vi, 15,16; Matt. xxvii, 1 1 ; Lukexis,38; John i, 49; xvili, 33, 34) ; also to men, as invested with regal authority by their fellows (Luke xxii, 25; 1 Tim. ii, 1, 2; 1 Pet. ii, 13-17) ; so also the people of God are called kinr/s and priests (Psa. xlix, 14; Dan. vii, 22, 27; Slatt. xix, 28; Luke xxii, 29, 30 ; 1 Cor. vi, 2, 3 ; 2 Tim. ii, 12 ; Rev. i, 6 ; ii, 26, 27 ; iii, 21 ; v, 10 ; xxii, 5). In Job xviii, 14 it is applied to Death, who is there called the " king of terrors." In Job xli, 34, leviathan, or the crocodile, is thus designated : " he is a king over all the children of pride." (See AVemyss's Symbol. Did.)