Komander, Johanx (Dorfmann), a German theo- logian of the Reformation period, became interested in the cause of the Reformers while pursuing his studies at Ziirich, and was highly prized as a friend by Zwin- gle, anil after his secession from the Romish Church (in 1525), in whicli he had been priest, became the chief support of the Reformation in the Blinden region. Here the worthlessness of the clergj', who were often ignorant of the language of tlie people, and guilty of gross im- morality, necessitated reform, for which a people of truly independent spirit were also ready. Many prominent laymen early favored the movement, particularly Jacob Salzmann, at Chur. At the Bundestag of 1524, held at Ilanz, a complaint, set forth in an act of eighteen arti- cles, was entered against the corruptions of the Church, and especially the malpractices of the clergy. In ac- cord witli the spirit of this "Artikelbrief," which was adopted by the Assembly, and remained for centuries the fundamental law in Graubi'mden, Komander was appointed pastor at St. Martin's Churcli, of which posi- tion the former incumbent confessed himself incapable, and he there began and continued his labors for thirty- three years. He met bitter opposition and yet encour- aging success. Zwingle, especially, sent a letter of con- gratulation in January, 1525, addressed to the '-three Rhajtian Federations." The most troublesome obsta- cles to the movement were the Anabaptists, whom the Pajiists themselves encouraged for the sake of creating division. Brought under accusation in the Bundestag of 1525, Komander asked opportunity for a public de- fence of his position, which he made at Ilanz in Janua- ry, 1526, in eighteen theses. He could only with difti- culty secure a fair and orderly debate, but finallv brought v.— K
all his opponents to acknowledge his first thesis, viz. "That the Church is born of the AVord of God, and must abide by it alone." In the whole affair the learn- ing of the Reformers was confessed ; seven priests were won to the evangelical faith, and the accusations were not established. Komander administered the Lord's Supper in the evangelical form on Easter of 1526, and had the images removed. The Bundestag of this year granted fuU liberty and protection of worship under thC new form. Against the intrigues of the Catholic bishop twenty new reform articles were established. The ab*- bot Schlegel, former accuser of Komander, was beheaded for connivance with the declared enemies of the Confed- eracy, and the bishop fled. Komander, in order more perfectly to organize the reform nlo^'ement, secured the formation of a synod that shoidd have authority in the examination and appointment of pastors. A disputa- tion sustained at Sus, in the Eugadine, in 1537, in the Romance language, chiefly by GaUienus, the fast friend of Komander, and Blasius his colleague, where the eigh- teen theses defended by Komander at Ilanz were adopt- ed, secured the entire prevalence of the reform in the Eugadine. Komander prepared a catechism, and suc- ceeded, with the' aid of Bullinger's influence, in estab- lishing a gymnasium at Chur in 1543. He was deeply interested for the Italians of the southern districts, but found his work with them chiefly a matter of dispute on sceptical points. The Rha;tian Confession was adopt- ed by the synod with particular reference to the errors of the Italians. Komander rejoiced at the sudden end of the Council of Trent in 1552. In the following year he had to counteract the pope's endeavors .to bring in the Inquisition. Prostrated by the plague of 1550, which carried off 1500 of the population of Chur, he never recovered full strength, though he worked on till his death early in 1557. — Heizog, Real-Eneykloj). s. v. (E. B. O.)
Komano-Bikuiii, a female order of Japanese Beg- hards, or begging mnis, who accost travellers for their charity, singing songs to divert them, though upon a strong, wild sort of tune, and stay with travellers who desire their company. INIost of them are daughters of the Jamabos (q. v.), and are consecrated as sisters of this begging order by having their heads shaved. They are neatly and well clad, and wear a black silk hood,, with a light hat over it, to protect their faces from the- sun. Their behavior is, to aU appearance, free, yet mod- est. They always go two and tv,'o, and are obliged tO' bring a certain portion of their alms to the temple of the- sun goddess at Isye. See M'Farlane, Japan, p. 219, 220.
Komp, Heixrich, a German Roman Catholic the- ologian of note, born at Fulda in 1765, was educated at the University of Heidelberg; became priest in 1789,. in 1790 professor at the gymnasium of his native place,, in 1792 professor of theology, etc., in 1811 court chap- lain to prince Primas, grand duke of Frankfort-on-the- Main and archbishop of Regensburg, and in 1829 cathe- dral scholastic. He died Feb. 14, iSiG.—Kathol. Real- Encyliop. xi, 858.
Konar.ski, Adaji, a Roman Catholic prelate, flour- ished about the middle of the 16th century. He was bishop of Posen from 1562 to 1574. He is noted for his- efforts to improve the religious educational advantages of the youth of his Church. Upon the model of the school at Braunsberg, one of the most noted Roman Catholic literary institutions, he founded a Jesuit col- lege at Posen in 1572, furnishing for its support a great part of his own income. He ^vas at the head of the Polish delegation of magnates that went to France to meet Henry of Yalois, afterwards king of Poland. — Wet- zer und Welte, Kirchen-Lc.r. vi, 243.