Konigsdorfer, Colestin Bernhard, a German Roman Catholic monastic, was bom Aug. 18, 1756, at the village of Flotzhcim ; was educated at Augsburg from 1768 to 1776, and entered the Benedictine order in 1777, at Donauworth. He was ordained priest Dec. 23, 1780, and was sent to the university at Ingolstadt to continue his theological studies and the acquisition of the Oriental languages. In 1790 he was called to a professorship at Salzburg LIniversity; in 1794 was elected abbot of his convent, and remained its head until 1803, when the con- vent was suppressed. He died March 16, 1840. Ko- nigsdorfer Avrote Theologia in Compendiitm redacta (Ko- penh. 1787) — a theological compend which he intended mainly for his monastic brethren : — Gesch. d. Klosteis z, heiligen Kreuze in Donamcorth (1819-1829, 3 vols, in 4 parts). He also published several sermons (1800, 1812, 1814).— A'o//io/. Real-Encyliopddie, vi, 328.
Konigsdorfer, Martin, brother of the preceding, a popular pulpit orator, was borii at Flotzhcim Oct. 20, 1752 ; studied theology at Dillingen ; was ordained priest at Augsburg March 15, 1777, and was successively ap- pointed to Monheim, Heideck, Seiboldsdorf near Neu- burg, and Lutzungen near Hochstiidt. He died about 1815. Konigsdorfer was noted as a preacher for his rare ability in adapting himself to the standard of his audi- ences; thus, in his appointments in rural districts, he knew how to interest the peasants in liis preaching, and did much good among them. He ])ul)Ii;-hc(l Kiiiltolische llomilien ttnd Erkldrungen d. hdt. Krangdicn uuf alle Sonn- V. Feie7-tage{Aug»huTp, 1800, and often) : — Kathol. Geheimnisse u. Sittenreden (1812-32,8 vols. 8vo) : — Ka- thol. Christenlehren (1806,2 vols.): — Die ch?istliche Kin- derzucht (six sermons, 1814) : — Das ewige Priesterthum d. Kathol. Kirche (1832). — Kathol. Real-Encyldopddie, vi, 329.
KonigS'warter, Baron Jonas, a celebrated Jew- ish ]ihilanthropist, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Maiii about 1806, and removed to Vienna about 1830, when a man of only moderate wealth. There bis means in- creased rapidly, and he died Dec. 24, 1871, leaving an only son heir to a property worth fifteen million ilollars. He was a great benefactor to the Jews of the Austrian capital, over whom he presided as chief, arid took par- ticular interest in all tlio charitable institutions of Vi- enna. He left large sums to benefit each of these, with- out any regard to confession or creed. — New York Jew- ish Messenger, Jan. 26, 1872.
Konrad of Mai£I'.urg, a German Dominican of the 13th century, one .of the most trusted of Rome's vota- ries, was confessor of princess St. Elizabeth of Thurin- gia, and inquisitor of (iermany. Of his personal history hut little is known. Some suppose him to he identical witli the Konrad who, as a scholastic of Jlcntz, enjoyed the favor of Honorius HI (q. v.). Konrad of Marburg
KONRAD
147
KOPKE
was a particular favorite of pope Gregory IX, by whom he was intrusted with various disciplinary offices, par- ticularly with the punishment of heretics and the ex- tirpation of heresy. His conduct towards St. Elizabeth (i|. V.) was perfectly atrocious, but no less inhuman was the treatment which the Patarenes (q. v.) received at his hands. He was finaUy slain in I'ioS by, or at the instigation of, some German nobles whom he had op- posetl. See Hausrath, Konrad von Marburg (1861); Henke, AT. r. Marburg (1861) ; Herzog. Real-Eiicyklop. viii, 25; and the Koman Catholic Kircken-Lexikon, by Wetzer und Welte, ii, 805 sq. (J. H. W.)
Konrad III, emperor of the Germans, the founder of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, eminent among the Cru- saders, was the son of Frederick of Suabia, and ^vas born in 1093. He was elected successor to Lothaire by the princes of Germany at Aix-la-ChapeUe, Feb. 21, 1136, to prevent the increasing preponderance of the Guelf party. For his quarrels with Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria and Saxony, and head of the Guelf party in (iermany, etc., see Guelfs and Ghibellines, When St. Bernard of Clairvaux commenced to preach a new crusade, Konrad, seized with the general infatuation, set out for Palestine at the head of a large army [see Cru- sades] in company with his old enemy, Guelf of Bava- ria, who proved treacherous, however, returned to Ger- many before Konrad, and with his nephew, Henry the Lion, renewed, though unsuccessfully, the former at- tempt to gain possession of Bavaria. Konrad took sides with the pope and the northern Italians against Poger of Sicily, but, while preparing for an expedition against the latter, he was poisoned, Feb. 15, 1152, at Bamberg. Konrad was largely endowed with the virtues necessary for a great monarch, and, though himself unlearned, was a warm patron of science and letters. His marriage with a Greek princess was symbolized by the two-head- j ed eagle which figured on the arms of the emperor of i (iermany, and now appears on the arms of the sover- j eign of Austria. See Germany. j
Konradin of Suabia, the last descendant of the house of the Hohenstaufen, son of the excommunicated Henry IV, was born in 1252. He deserves our notice for the relation he sustained to the intriguing pope In- nocent IV, and the treatment he received at the pope's hands. His Italian possessions were seized by Innocent IV on the plea that the son of a prince u-ho dies excom- municated has no hereditary rights, an example which the other enemies of the house of Hohenstaufen rejoiced to follow. Konradin's cause was befriended by his uncle M.infred, who took up arms in his behalf, drove the ]3ope from Naples and Sicily, and, in order to consolidate his nephew's authority, declared himself king till the young prince came of age. The pope's inveterate ha- tred of the Hohenstaufen induced him thereupon to offer the crown of the Two Sicilies to Charles of Anjou, I a consummate warrior and able politician. Charles im- mediately invaded Italy, met his antagonist in the plain of (irandella, where the defeat and death of Manfred, in 1266, gave him undisturbed possession of the kingdom. But the Neapolitans, detesting their new master, sent deputies to Bavaria to invite Konradin, then in his six- teentli year, to come and assert his hereditary rights. Konradin accordingly made his appearance in Italy at the head of 10,000 men, and, being joined by the Neapol- itans in large numbers, gained several victories over the French, but was finally defeated, and, along with his relative, Frederick of Austria, taken prisoner near Tagl- iacozzo, Aug. 22, 1268. The two unfortunate princes were, trith the consent of the pope, executed in the market- plice of Naples on the iOth of October. A few minutes before his execution, Konradin, on the scaffold, took off his glove, and threw it into the midst of the crowd, as a gage of vengeance, requesting that it might be carried to his heir, Peter of Aragon. This duty was under- taken by the chevalier De Waldburg, who, after many hair-breadth escapes, succeeded in fulfilling his prince's last command. See Innocent IV; Sicilian Vespers.