Lamy (or Lajii), Bernard, an eminent priest of the French Oratory, was born at Mans in June, 1610; studied under the Oratorians, joined their order in 1658, and completed his studies at Paris and at Saumur. He next taught belles-lettres at Vendome and JuLUy, and philosophy at Saumiu" and at Angers. In 1676 he was deprived of his professorship for his zealous advocacy of the Cartesian philosophy. His enemies, the Thom- ists, even obtained a lettre de cachet against him under the accusation that he opposed the principle of royal authority. He was banished to Grenoble, where cardi- nal Le Camus, who had established a seminar}^ for the education of ecclesiastics, and who held Lamy in high estimation, appointed him professor of divinity. In 1686, his sentence having been revoked in its most es- sential charges, he was recalled to Paris, and remained for a while in the Seminary of St.Magloire , but, having violated the rules of the establishment by publishing without the knowledge of the superior a work {Lettre an P. Fourre, de VOratoire), ^vhich, besides, was consid- ered to contain objectionable teachings (viz. as that Christ did not celebrate the Jewish Passover with his disciples [a view adopted by some of the soundest schol- ars] ; that John the Baptist was imprisoned twice, by the Sanhedrim and by Herod ; and that the three Marys mentioned in the Gospels are identical), he was again exiled, this time to Rouen. He died in the latter city Jan. 29, 1715. Lamy was a very prolific writer, and his wf)rks are generally distinguished for clearness of thought and expression. The most important are. Ap- paratus Biblicus ad intelligenda Sacra Biblia (originally [Grenoble, 1687] no more than tallies of the chief facts of Scripture, with rules for its study, and compiled sim- ply for his jiupils, lie subsequently enlarged and pub- lished it at Lyons, 1696, sm. 8vo, and it was in its day con- sidered the best '"introduction" to the Bible extant; an English edition was prepared by R. Bundy, Lond. 1723, 4to) -.—Entretiens sur les Sciences (1684), a work wliich was highly esteemed by J.J.Rousseau: — Introduction
LAMY
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LANCELLOT(T)I
a VEcriture Sainie, oil Von Iraife cle tout ce qui conceme les Jnifs, etc. (Lyons, 1709, 4to) ■.—Harmoniii, sive Con- cordia qiiatnor F.ranrielktarum, cditio novissima (Paris,
use, Jer. 1, 42 ; elsewhere usually " spear"), a javelin or ismaller kind of missile weapon, in distinction from the lonc-handlcd spear (H^jn, chaniih'), and the simple dart
1701, 1-Jin<>) ■.—('oiiuiuii/iiriits in harmonuwi, sioe concor- m^i^ she'lach). See Ahmor. cUm. qnatuor Krnn!jdis1m-um{V^rx^ 1«99 4to) :-/^w- £ance, The Holy (1), is"the name of a knife verv
sertatio de Levitt cantonbm (Lgol. 32, 5- 1) -.-De taber- ^^^^ j^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ ,. ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ j^^ ^^^ ^^^^j. ^.j^^^^^j^
naculofaderis, de. sancta cimtctle Jerusalem et de templo ^^ j^j^^^^ ^,^^ , ^^.,^j^j^ (_,,^^.^^ ^^.^^ .^^^^^^ y^r-^^^
ejus (Paris, 1720, fol.). lo this last-named work Laray ^j^.^ , ,^^j^, j^^^^^,, ^^^^ ■ ^^ communion, cuts the
is said to liave devoted the last thirty years of his life It was i)uhlished (after his death) under the editorship of pere Desmoulins. See Ellies Dupin, Bill, des A uteurs eccU's. vol. xix, 4to ed. ; Journal de tout ce qui s'est passe en VUniversite dWngers, 1G79, 4to; F. BouQlier, Hist, du Cartesianisme, vol. ii ; B. Haureau, Uist. Litter, du Maine, ii, 1 17-105, Hook, AVc^e*. Bio(j. vi, 515; Kitto, ^tMcaZ Ci/clopmlia, ii, 779, 780. (J. H. W.)
Lamy, Dom. Francois, a French Roman Catholic priest, was born at jNIontereau, in the diocese of Char- tres, in 103(5. He entered the congregation of St.lMaur, of tlie Order of St. Benoist, in 1685, and was in relation with some of the most important men of the time, Fe- nelon among others. He died in 1711. Lamy wrote largely in defence of Christianity, and agaijist Spinoza ; the most important of his works are, Traite de la verite ecidente de la religion Chretienne (1694, 12mo) : — De la co?maissa7ice de soi-menie (Paris, 1694—98, 6 vols. 8vo , augmented, Paris, 1700), the ablest and most celebrated work of Francois Lamy (comp. the art. IMalebr^vnche) : — Le Nouvel Atheisme renverse, ou refutation du systeme de Spinosa, etc. (Anon., Paris, 1696, 12mo) : — Sentiments de piete sur la pi-ofession reliyieuse (Paris, 1697, 12mo), which gave rise to much controversy: — Lemons de la Sai/esse et de V engagement au sei-vice de Dieu (Par. 1703, 12mo) : — Vincreduh amene a la religion par la raison (Paris, 1710, 12mo) : — Traite de la connaissance et de Vamour de Dieu (Paris, 1712, 12mo) ; this work, pub- lished after his death, is very scarce. Some of his let- ters are contained in the Coi-respondance de Fenelon (Paris, 1827-29, 11 vols. 8vo). See Lc Cerf, Bihlioth. des A uteurs de la Congreg. de St.Maur; Niceron, Memoires, vol. X ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxix, 298 sq.
Lancaster, Joseph, an English Quaker, was bom in London in 1778. He acquired great distinction as the promulgator of the mutual system of education first introduced by Dr. Bell at INIadras, but afterwards known both in England and America as the Lancasterian Sys- tem. He is recognised as having given an impulse, by his ^^Titings and lectures, to the cause of popular educa- tion in many countries. He first opened a school for poor children in St. George's Field, and soon rendered his method very popular. For the characteristics of his system, see Watts, Bibl. Brit., and his works (London, 1854) ; Lotul Quart. Rev. vi, 24 ; North A mer. Rev. xviii, 184; Living Age, April, 1845; Alhbone, Diet, of British and A mer. A utiiors, ii, 1052 ; Thomas, Biog. Diet. p. 1365.