For this land a kind of cpiit-rent was payable to the sovereign Proprietor, in the form of a tenth or tithe of the produce, which was assigned to the priesthood. See Tithes. The condition of military service was also at- tached to the land, as it appears that every freeholder (Dent. XX, 5) was obliged to attend at the general mus- ter of the national army, and to serve in it, at his own expense (often more than repaid by the plunder), as long as the occasion required. In this direction, there- fore, the agrarian law operated in securing a body of 600,000 men, inured to labor and industrj', alwa}-s as- sumed to be ready, as thej- were bound, to come furward at their country's call. This great body of national yeo- manry, every one of whom had an important stake in the national independence, was officered by its own he- reditary chiefs, heads of tribes and families (comp. Exod. xviii and Numb, xxxi, 14), andTiinst! have presented an insuperable obstacle to treacherous ambition and polit- ical intrigue, and to evcr^' attempt to overthrow the Hebrew commonwealth and establish despotic jiowcr. Nor were these institutions less wisely adapted to secure the state against foreign violence, and at the same time ])revent offensive wars anil remote conquests. For while this vast body of hardy yeomanrj' were always ready to defend their countiy, M'hen assailed by foreign foes, yet,
LAXDELIX
227
LANE
as they were constantly employed in agriculture, attach- ed to domestic life, and enjoyed at home the society of the numerous relatives who peopled their neighborhood, war must have been in a high degree alien to their tastes and habits. ReUgion also took part in preventing them from being captivated by the splendor of military glorj'. On returning from battle, even if victorious, in order to bring them back to more peaceful feelings after the rage of war, the law required them to consider themselves as polluted by the slaughter, and unworthy of appearing in the camp of Jehovah until they had employed an en- tire day in the rites of purification (Numb, xix, 13-16; xxxi, 19). Besides, the force was entirely infantry; the law forbidding even the kings to multiply horses in their train (Deut. xvii, IG); and this, with the ordinance requiring the attendance of all the males three times every year at Jerusalem, proved the intention of the legislator to confine the natives within the limits of the Promised Land, and rendered long and distant wars and conquests impossible without the virtual renunciation of that religion which was incorporated with their whole civil polity, and which was, in fact, the charter liy which they held their property and enjoyed all their rights (Graves, Lectures on the Pentateuch, lect. iv, Lowman, Civil Gov. of the Ileh. ch. iii, iv; Michaelis, Mos. Recht, i, 240 sq.).— Kitto.
Landelin and Landoald, two saints of the Ro- man Catholic Church, are said to have flourished as preachers of the Gospel in Belgium in the 7th century. We have no trustworthy information as to their lives and proceedings. Among the aids which St.Amandiis pro- cured from Rome in Gul to help him in his missionar}' labors is mentioned the presbyter Landoald, probably an Anglo-Saxon. According to the history of Landoald, written in the 10th century by abbot Heriger von Lobbes, Landoald was especially supported in his mis- sions by king Childeric II, who furnished him with all the necessary means. He is also said to have had Lam- bert of iVIaestricht for a pupil, and to have been nine years bishop as successor of St. Amandus. This latter assertion, however, is contradicted by the fact that Re- maclus was the successor of Amandus; and it appears also a matter of doubt whether Lambert of Maestricht was indeed a pupil of Landoald.
Concerning Landelin, the BoUandists give, imder date of June 15, an old biography, according to which he had been a pupil of Andebcrt, bishop of Cambray and Arras, had tied from his tutor, and supported himseh'for a while by highway robbery. The sudden death of one of his band, and a dream, in which he saw his former compan- ion carried to hell by the devil, caused his conversion, and he subjected himself to strict penance in a convent, and made a pilgrimage to Rome. Subsequently conse- crated deacon and presbyter, he made two more journeys to Rome, the last time accompanied by his pupils Ade- lenus and Domitianus. He is said to have founded the two convents of Lobbes and Crepin. According to the same account, Landelin died in G86, continuing his pen- ances to the last. — Dijrlo, Landelin, Apostel d, Deutschen (Augsb. 1838) ; Wctzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, vi, 335 ; Herzog, Real-Encykhpddie, viii, 187. (J. N. P.)
liaud-mark (^^2il, gehul', or U^'^'Z^, gehuluh' , usu- ally rendered "border" or '"coast"), a boundary-line as indicated by a stake, stone, or other monument (Ueut. xix, 14; xxvii, 17; Prov. xxii, '28; xxiii, 10; Job xxiv, 2). It was the manifest intention of Jehovah, in Ijring- ing the Hebrews into Canaan, to make them a nation of agriculturists. For this purpose the land was divided by lot and measurement among the tribes, families, and individuals of the nation. Thus every citizen had al- lotted to him a piece of ground, which he was to culti- vate and leave to his descendants. The importance of preserving accurately the boundaries of individual or family possessions is very obvious; and, to prevent mis- takes and litigation, the fields were markcil ofTby stones set up on the limits, which could not be removed ^vitlif-