mia, and studied at the Universitj' of Prague, where he attained to the degree of A.B. A member of the Utra- quist, or National Church, he quitted Prague in conse- (luoncc of dilHcuhies with the Koman Catholics, sought out the Brethren, whose simple faith and stanch con- fession of it attracted him, and joined their communion about 1480. At that time they were on the eve of se- rious dissensions, owing to the gradual separation of two parties among them, the one extreme, the other moder- ate in its views of the discipline. The former repre- sented the illiterate, and the latter the educated portion of the membership. Luke, being a thoroughly learned man, gifted with great executive ability, and distin- guished for his unassuming piety, soon won a prominent position. He held to the moderate party, but enjoyed the confidence of many on the other side. In 1491 he was sent, with three associates, on a visit to the East, in order to find, if possible, a body of Christians free from the corruptions of the age, with whom the Unitas Fra- trum might establish a fellowship. Returning from this journey without having accomplished its object, he devoted himself to literary labors, and wrote a number of works treating of the points in dispute among the Brethren. These publications contributed not a little to the ascendency of the moderate party, and to the final pacification of the Church in 1494, after the most violent of the extremists had seceded, and organized a sect of their own, called the Amosites, which soon de- generated into fanaticism. Three years later, Luke un- dertook a mission to the Waldenses of Italy and France, and on his return in 1500 was elected bishop. His sound judgment and unflinching courage sustained the Brethren in times of persecution ; his sense of the dig- nity and proprieties of public worship served to develop their ritual; his enthusiastic conviction of the scrip- tural character of their faith opened the way for their rapid increase among the higher classes ; and his won- derful diligence gave them a literature far superior to that of the Utraquists and of the Bohemian Roman Catholics. In 1505 he published a Catechism and a Bipnn-book, the first evangelical works of this kind in the Middle Ages. Having, in 1518, become the seni;ir bishop of the Church and president of its ecclesiastical council, he began to watch the progress of Luther's Ref- ormation with close attention, and in 1522 sent a dep- utation to Wittenberg in order to present the good wishes of the Brethren. The result, however, was not satisfactorv. Luke disagreed with Luther in regard to the doctrines both of the Lord's Supper and of justifica- tion by faith. On the one hand, he upheld the spiritual presence, and, on the other, he gave undue prominence to good works. Each published a dei'ence of his own views. Luther ^vrote with moderation, and in a friend- ly spirit ; Luke was more severe in his strictures. His stand-point touching justification, however, was not, as (Jindely asserts, a Romish one. He was led to extremes by his desire to prevent a misuse of the doctrine of free grace. This purpose induced him, in 1524, to renew his correspondence with Luther. A second deputation vis- ited Wittenberg, and gave him a full account of the dis- cipline of tlie Brethren, in the hope that he would in- troduce a similar system among his followers, and thus bring about a reform not merely of Christian doctrine, but also of Christian life. P,ut again the negotiations failed. Indeed, they produced a personal estrangement between Luke and Luther, and for a time all inter- course ^vith ^Vittenberg was broken off. The real cause of this disagreement is not clear. In part it was owing to the grave offence which the deputies took at the loose morals of the Wittenberg students, and to the free- dom witli whicli they denounced tlieir manner of life. Luther, on liis side, attacked the rigorism of tlw Breth- ren in his Tischi-eden. In the (pllowing years the Breth- ren suffered a severe persecution in Bohemia. Luke himself was seized, loaded with chains, and imprisoned, and escaped execution only through the intervention of a powerful noble belonging to the Unitas Fratrum. Af-
ter his liberation he was active for a few years longer, although suffering from a most painful disease, and died at Zungbunzlau Dec. 11, 1528. His literarj' labors were astonishing. He was the author of more than eighty different works, written partly in Latin and partly in Bohemian, and consisting of doctrinal, exegetical, and polemical treatises. The most of them have been lost. For a further accomit of his life, see Gindely, Gescliichte der Buhm. Briider, vol. i, bk. i, ch. iii, and bk. ii ; Crozer, Gescliichte d. alten Briiderkirche, i, 95-192 ; Czerwegka, Geschichte der Evang. Kirche in Bohmen, vol. ii, chap, iii- vii. (E. de S.)
Luke's, St., Day, a festival observed in the Greek and Romish churches on the IStli of October.
Luke'warm (xXiapoc, tepid), moderatelj' warm; spoken figuratively of Christians in a half-backslidden state (Rev. iii, IG), who are threatened with the divine excision, as we instinctively reject from the mouth wa- ter in this insipid state.
Lullus OF Mayence, a noted German prelate of the Romish Church, flourished in the 8th century as suc- cessor of Boniface, in the archbishopric of Mayence. He was a native of England, and was educated in the cloister of ISIeldun, but went to Germany on invitation of Boniface, and was his ambassador to pope Zachary about 754. He attended the Council of Attigny in 763, and of Rome in 769. In 785 he baptized Witikind, leader of the Saxons. He founded the cloister of Hersfeld, and on his death in 786 was buried there. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biof). Generale, xxxii, 221.