presided over by Dr. Chas. P. Krauth, of Philadelphia. At this meeting there were only nine synods, represent- ing 511 ministers, 971 congregations, and 141,875 com- municants. Two other synods — the Danish-Norwegian Augustana Synod and the Indiana Synod — had, how- ever, announced their intention to join the " Council." A meeting is no^v (Nov., 1872) in progress at Akron, Ohio. Its proceedings will have to be given in the Ap- pendix volume,
IV. Movement io^vards the Formation of a General Conference. — The tendency of a majority of the Amer- ican churches towards ecclesiastical union has of late made an impression also on the Lutheran communicants, and there is now in progress a movement for the organ- ization of a new body, to be called the " General Confer- ence," w^ith the avowed object of making it " the organ- ization of a general Lutheran body, on the basis of the unqualified reception of all the symbolical books as a bond of union between all Lutheran synods in America." This movement was started several years ago, mainly by the independent synods (see for list, V. Statisiics). At the meeting held at Fort Wayne, Indiana, Nov. 14, 1871, about 60 members were present, representing most of the independent synods. The reports of the meeting for final organization, which was to be held in Milwau- kee, Wis., on the second Wednesday of July, 1872, have not yet come to our notice. If all the six independent synods have adopted the Constitution and joined the " General Conference," this body is now the strongest in the Lutheran connection, its membership exceeding that of either the General Synod or of the General Council. (Comp. Schiiffer, Early Hist, of the Lutheran Church in America; Schmucker, Amer. Luth. Church [5th edition, Phila. 1852] ; and the excellent article in Schem, Deutsch-Amerikan Com: Lexikon, vi, 690-704; Annual to Neio Amer. Cyclop. 1871.)
V. Statistics. — With the assistance of Dr. Charles P. Krauth we are enabled to present our readers with the latest statistics of the Lutheran Church in the United States of America. The almanacs for 1872 furnish a list of — theological seminaries, 15; colleges, 20; female sem- inaries, 12; academies, 18; charitable institutions (or- phan homes, infirmaries, hospitals, etc.), 23 ; Church boards and societies, 7. The General Synod embraces — sjniods, 22; ministers, 657; churches, 1134; communi- cants, 101,241. The General Council embraces — synods, 9; ministers, 421; churches, 789; communicants, 125,267, The Southern General Synod embraces — synods, 5 ; min- isters, 92 ; churches, 175 ; communicants, 13,457. The grand total is — synods, 64; ministers, 2157; churches, 3727; communicants, 450,410. The periodicals are — English, 9 ; German, 19 ; Norwegian, 6 ; Swedish, 4.
Tabular View of the Growth of the Lutheran Church in the United States in the last fortij-eiqht Years (1823-1871).
Venr.
Synods.
Ministere.
Con^irega- ti<ms.
Comuiunicaiits.
1S23 1833 1845 1800 1S61 1SG2 18T1
22 36 38 42 54
ITS 33T 538 1193 1322 13CC 215T
900 1017 1307 2279 2300 2575 3727
13.5.62;) 232,780 246,788 270,780 450,410
For special local and national statistics of the Lutheran Church, see Ajierica; Anhalt; Austria; Badkn; Bavauia; Belgium; Bohemia; Brunswick; Bre- men; Carinthia and Carniola; Denmark; Eng- land; France; Hesse; Holland; Hungary; Ice- land; Lippe; Lubeck; Mecklenburg; Moravia; Norway; Oldenburg; Poland; Prussia; Russia; Saxony'; Silesia; Steiermark; Sweden; Thurin- GiA; Transylvania; United States; Westphalia; Wurtemberg. For missions of the Lutheran churches, see Missions.
On the history of the Lutheran Church, compare Krauth, The Conservative Reformation and its Theology (Phila. 1871, 8vo), especially ch. iv ; Gobel, Die rdifw- sen EigenihUmlichkeiten d. Luth. u. ref. Kirchen (183/);
LUTKEMANN
582
LUZ
Auffusti, Beitrdge z. Geschichte u. Statistik der Evangel, Kirclie (1838); \ViggeTS, StatisH/c (1842, 2 vols.) ; Har- nack, Die Luth. Kirche im Liclite d. Gesch. (1855) ; Kah- nis, German Protestantism (1850) ; Seiss, Ecclesia Ln- tlierana, a brief Survey of the Evang. Luth. Church (1868) ; Donier, Gesch. der Protest. Theologie (1867); Miiller (J. T.), Die symbolischen Biicher der evangel. Luth. Kirche (Stuttg. 1800, 8vo) ; Plitt, Lutlieranische Missionen (Er- laiigcn, 1871, 8vo).
Lutkemann, Joachim, a German theologian, was bom at Denimin, in Pomerania, Dec. 15, 1008 ; studied at Stettin, and afterwards at the universities of Greifs- wald and Strasburg ; then travelled through France and Itah- ; and was magister legente of the philosophical fac- ulty of Rostock in 1638, and appointed professor of met- aphysics in 16-13. lie published at this time several philosophical works, such as his lAneamenta coriwris physici (Rostock, 1647). He also preached at the same time, and soon acquired great reputation by his elo- quence and Christian earnestness. He became involved, however, in a quarrel with the strict orthodox party of Mecklenburg, upheld by the duke, on the question of the humanity of Christ in his death. Lutkemann de- fended his views in his Dissertatio jihysico-theologica de vein homine, maintaining that the human nature of Christ ended in his deatli. He was expelled for these views, but immediately called to Brunswick as general superin- tendent and court preacher. Here he prepared in 1651 a School Discipline, and in 1652 a Church Discipline, which were adopted in Brunswick. He died in 1655. His most important works were devotional, and in this line he may be ranked next to Arndt and Miiller. The princi- pal are : Vorschinack d.guttlichen Giite (Wolfenb. 1643) : — Vom irdischen Paradies : — Ilarfe auf zehn saiten. See P. Rethmeyer, Schicksalen, Schriften v. Gaben Liitke- mann's (Brunswick) ; Tholuck, A kad. Lehen, part ii, p. 109 ; Herzog, Real-Encykhrp. viii, 536 ; Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines, vol. ii, § 217.