2. A small place in the district of the Hittites, found- ed by an inhabitant of the former Luz, who was spared on the destruction of this place by the tribe of Benja- min (.ludg. i. 2(!); and tliis seems to dispose of the iden- tifii'ation with the ruins still found on ^It.Gcrizira (Stan- ley, p. 231 s(i.\ bearing the name of L>i:a (Sectzen,/?e- ise, i, 174; AVilson, ii, 69), about ten minutes beyond the trench of the Samaritan sacrifice (Van deXcldc. Memoir, p. 331'). Sclnvarz thinks the site may be identified with that of wady Luzan. in the interior of the desert of et- Tih, north-west of Jcbel el-Araif, on the strengtli of the Tahnudic t-tatement that this i)lace lay witliout the bounds of Palestine {Palest, p. 213). This is doubtless the wady Lussdn described by Dr. Robinson as a broad
LUZ
583
LYCAONIA
plain swept over by torrents from the mountains on the right, destitute of any fountain or water, and containing only a few remains of rude walls and foundations, which he regards as the traces of the Koman station Lysa along this route {Researches, i, 276, 277). Kosenmuller (.1 1- terth. II, ii, 129) refers the name to Luza, a city, accord- ing to Eusebius (Onomast. s. v.), lying three mUes from Shechem ; but this could not have been Hittite terri- tory. Studer (Bitch d.Richter, p. 45) adopts a sugges- tion of D. Kimchi, that a city of the Phoenicians (Kit- tim, so Eusebius, Kfrrfijit, Onomast. s. v. 2) is meant. Probably it was some place near Hebron, in southern Palestine, where the Hittites were settled. See Hit- tite.
Luz. See Hazel.
Luzzatto, Mose Chayim, ben-Jacob, the great modern Jewish mystic of Italy, was born at Padua in 1707, and enjoyed" the highest educational advantages the country of his birth could afford. When a youth of only twentj', his extended studies in Hebrew litera- ture, especially the cabalistic writings, secured for him a universal reputation. Had he known how to avoid mysticism, he might have proved one of the greatest ornaments of Judaism, but the Cabala (q. v.) led him astray, and he not only compiled a second Zohar (q. v.), but actually came to believe himself the predicted Mes- siah of his people. He was excommunicated, and obliged to quit Italy. For a time he flourished in Amsterdam, and about 174-1 he removed to the Holy Land. He died shortly after, at Safet, in May, 1747, and was buried at Tiberias. Of his multifarious Avorks twenty-fonr are yet unedited; twenty-eight have been published, com- prising treatises in theologj^, dogmatic and cabalistical, philosophy, morals, and rhetoric, and a body of poetry, devotional, lyrical, and dramatic. His most important writings are cited in Etheridge, Introd. to Hebrew Litera- ture, p. 393. See also Griitz, Geschichte d.Juden, x, 369- 383 ; and his biography in Kerem Chemed (1838), iii, 113 sq. (J.H.W.)
Luzzatto, Samuel David, one of the most noted Jewish writers of our day, the Jehuduh ha-Levi (q. v.) of the 19th century, was born at Trieste (Italy) in 1800, the scion of one of the most eminent Italian families. He received a thorough academical training, and early dis- played great abiUty as a writer. Greatly interested in the study of the history and literature of his people, he became one of the most prominent writers in this field. Says Gratz {Gesch. d. Juden, xi, 502), " If Krochmal and Eapaport were the fathers of Jewish history, Luzzatto must be acknowledged as her mother." He brought to light the most beautiful pages of Jewish history of the Franco-Spanish epoch — the tragical fate of the Jews in the persecutions of the Middle Ages and the reforma- tory period — which had been given up as lost; and there- by prepared the way for the labors of Kayserling, Sachs, Zunz, and others. Luzzatto also labored creditably in the department of O.-T. exegesis, and when the collegia rahbinico was opened at I'adua in 1829, he became one of its professors, continuing in this service untU his death in 1865. He wrote Hebrew, Italian, French, and German. His diction is graceful and exceedingly pleas- ant. His essays and treatises in this field appeared first in the " Biklvure Ittim," and afterwards (1841, etc.) in the " Kerem Chemed," published in Vienna and then in Prague liy a man of great learning in Jewish literature, Samuel L. Goldenberg, of Tarnapol. One of his best works is his Ludor/ues, etc., on the Cabala, the Zohar, the iDitiqiiiti/ (if the roirel-poi»ts and accents of the Bible (1H52), which shows the foUy of the Cabala, the origin of the Zohar in the 13th century, and the vowel-points in the 5th, and the accents probably in the 6th. Luz- zatto also published on Hebrew grammar, P;-o/e^ome«a ad una gram. Hebr. ; and later a complete Hebrew gram- mar, Oheb Guer (15 SniN) ; a work on the i^amaic ver- sion of Onkelos (Vienna, 1830) ; an Italian version of ./o6 (Livorno, 1844) ; French Notes on Isaiah- (m Kosenmiil-
ler's version, Leips. 1834); Heb. Notes en the Pentateuch (Vienna, 1850) ; and finally Isaiah, an Italian transla- tion with an extensive Hebrew commentary (Vienna, 1850). See Griitz, Gesch. d. Juden, xi, 499 sq. ; Jost, Ge- schichte d. Judenthums, iii, 345 sq.; J/fl.9.9«/, 1864-1865; The Israelite (Cincinnati, O.), Jan. 19, 1872. (J. H. W.)