Luzzatto, Simone (Heb. Simcha), a noted rabbi, who floiu-ished at Venice about 1590, exerted no small influence on the Italian Jews of the 16th century. He was an associate of Leo da Modena (q. v.), and aided the latter greatly by his superior abilities. He died in 1G63. He wrote Via della Fede, in which he teaches that the prophecies of Daniel refer rather to a by-gone age than to a future INIessiah. This peculiar view has given rise to the belief that he accepted Jesus as the Jklessiah (see Wolf, Bibl. Jud. iii, 1128). His most val- uable work, however, is his Discorso circa il state degli Hebrei (Venice, 1638), in which he ably defends Juda- ism and the Jews. The excesses of the Cabalists he de- plored, and stoutly opposed all relation with them. See Griitz, Geschichte der Judeji, x, 162 sq. (J. H. W.)
Lybon or Libo, a city mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary as being situated thirty-two Eoman miles from HeUopolis (Baalbek), and the same distance from Laodicea. Its name lias elsewhere been displaced in the same itinerary by that of Conna. The modern vil- lage of Lebweh is doubtless the same {Bibl. Sacr. 1848, p. 699), although the distances have become corrupted (Porter, Damascus, ii, 322 sq.). It is a poor village, in the middle of a basin, on a low tell among the streams on the eastern slope of Lebanon, with some remains of antiquity, and a considerable Arabian history (Robin- son, Later Res. p. 532 sq.).
Lybrand, Joseph, an eminent Methodist Episcopal minister, was born of Lutheran parentage in Philadel- phia, Oct. 3, 1793 ; was converted at about ten ; entered the Philadelphia Conference in April, 1811 ; was presid- ing elder on Philadelphia District in 1824-8; 1834-8 was on stations in Philadelphia; desisted from labor in 1843 at Harrisburg, and died April 24, 1845. Mr. Ly- brand was a man of deep fidelity to God, and immova- ble fidelity to man. As an eloquent preacher he had few equals in the American pulpit. His style was ele- gant and weighty, full of masterly argument and pow- erfid exhortation, and many souls were added to the Church by his long and blessed ministry. So strong was his conviction in his duty to preach only that he refused to accept some of the most important offices in the gift of his denomination. Thus he declined in 1832 to assume the responsibilities of the publishing house taken from Dr. Emory, who had been elected bishop.— il/w«(/es of Conferences, iii, 598.
Lycao'nia {NvKaovia, either from the mythologi- cal name Lycabn, or from Xvkoq, a u-olf), a province of Asia Minor, having Cappadocia on the east, Galatia on the north, Phrygia on the west, and Isauria and Cilicia on the south. These boundaries, however, are differ- ently described by ancient authors (Ptolemy, vi, 16; v, 6 ; Pliny, v, 25 ; Strabo, xiv, 663 ; Livy, xxxviii, 38). It extends in length about twenty geographical miles from east to west, and about thirteen in breadth. It was an undulating plain, involved among momitains, which were noted for the concourse of wild asses. The soil was so strongly impregnated with salt that few of the brooks supphed drinkable water, so that good water was sold for money ; but sheep throve on the pastu- rage, and were reared with great advantage (Strabo, xii, 568 ; Pliny, Hist. Nat. viii, 69). Lycaonia first appears in history in connection with the expedition of Cjtus the younger (Xenophon, Anab. i, 2, 19 ; iii, 2, 23 ; Cijrop. vi, 2, 20). The inhabitants were a hardy race, not sub- ject to the Persians, and lived by plunder and foray (Dionysius, /"(=?•. 857; Prise. 806; Avien. 1020). With these descriptions modern authors agree (Leake's Jour- nal, p. 67 sq. ; Kennel, Geog. of West. A sia, ii, 99 ; Cra- mer, .4s. Jlin. ii, 63 ; Mamiert, Geog. VI, ii, 190 sq.). It
LYCIA
584
LYDDA
was a Roman province when visited by Pan. (Acts xiv, G), and its cliief towns were Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, of wliich the tirst was the capital (see Smitli's Diet, of Class. <jeii(/. s. v.). "The speech of Lycaonia" (Acts xiv, 11) is supposed by some to have been the ancient Assyrian language, also spoken by the Cappadocians (Jablonsky, Disquis. de Linr/ua Lycaonica, Berlin, 1714 ; also in his Opusc. iii, 3 sq.) ; but it is more usually con- ceived to have been a corrupt Greek, intermingled with many Syriac words (Guhling, Dissert, de Lingua Lijca- o««V«, Viteb. 1726), since the people appear, from the ac- count in the Acts, to have adopted the Grecian mythol- ogy as the basis of their religion (see Sommel, De Lin- (jua Lye. Lond. 1787). " It is deeply interesting to see these rude country people, when Paul and Barnabas worked miracles among them, rushing to the conclusion that the strangers were Mercury and Jupiter, whose visit to this very neighborhood forms the subject of one of Ovid's most charming stories (Ovid, J/etom.viii, 626). Nor can we fail to notice how admirably Paul's address on the occasion was adapted to a simple and imperfectly civilized race (Acts xiv, 15-17)" (Smith). See Bomer, De Paulo in Lycaonia (Lips. 1708). See Asia Minor; Pali..