Ma'don (Heb. Mmlon', "ii'l^, strife, as in Prov. xv, 18, etc. ; Sept. Maliov v. r. Moqmv), a Canaanitish city in the north of Palestine, ruled over by a king named Jobab in the time of Joshua, who captured it (Josh, xi, 1; xii, 19). Calmet (L'ic/.s. v.), arbitrarily conjecturing that Mitron is tlie true reading, refers to Maronia, a small village of Syria thirty miles east of Antioch (Je- rome, I'iV. Mnl. 2), probably the place alluded to by Ptol- emy (v, 15, 8, MaowvuiQ) as lying in the province of Chalcidice, Schwarz infers {Palest, p. SO, 173) from Rabbinical notices (chiefly a statement of the early Jew- ish traveller hap-Parchi in Asher's Bevj. of Tu'dela, p. 430) that the site is that of the present.A'e/r Menda, a considerable village at the foot of the hills north of Dio- cajsarea, containing a very deep ^vcll and some traces of antiquity, which Dr. Kobinson (new edit, of Researches, iii, 103-111) is inclined to regard as marking the place of the Asochis of Josephus (Life, 41, 45, 08 ; War, i, 4, 2 ; Ant. xiii, 12, 4), although admitting that the latter may be referred to Tell ed-Bedawiyeh, in the vicinity.
" In the Sept. version of 2 Sam. xxi, 20, the Hebrew words "jno Tl^'^S. ' a man of stature,' are rendered ain)r) Ma^<oi>, ' a man of Madon.' This may refer to the town Madon, or may be merely an instance of the habit which these translators had of rendering literally in Greek let- ters Hebrew words which they did not understand. Oth- er instances will be found in 2 Kings vi,8; ix, 13; xii, 0 ; XV, 10, etc." (Smith).
Madonna (Italian, Mj/ Lad//), a term applied in the language of art to representations of the Virgin Mary. Such representations first made their appear- ance after the 5th centurv, when tlie Virgin ^vas de- clared to be the "Mother'of God." The face of the mother is generafly full, oval, and of a mild expression ; a veil adorns the hair. At first the lineaments of the
Virgin's countenance were copied from the older pic- tures of Christ, according to the tradition which de- clared that the Saviour resembled his mother. A chro- nological arrangement of the pictures of the Virgin would exhibit in a remarkable manner the development of the Roman Catholic doctrine on this subject. The Madonna has been a principal subject of the pencils of the great masters. The grandest success has been achieved by Raphael (q. v.), in whose pictures of the jNIadonna there prevails now the loving mother, now the ideal of feminine beauty, until in that of St. Six- tus there is reached the most glorious representation of the " Queen of Heaven." Murillo's " Conceptions" also should be noticed here. See Murillo. One of these has lately been presented to the American pubUc in chromo by the American art publisher Prang, of Boston. Among symbolic representations may be mentioned Mary with the white mantle, i. e. the mantle of love under which she receives the faithful ; and the Virgin with the half-moon or with the globe under her feet, according to the meaning put upon the twelfth chapter of Revelation. The Virgin was never represented with- out the Child until comparatively recent times. See Mrs. Jameson's delightful -work, Legends of the Madonna (3d ed. Lond. 1803, 8vo) ; Christian Remembrancer, 1808 (July), p. 130 ; Old and New, 1872 (April).
Madoz, Isaac, D.D., an English divine, was born in London in 1097; was educated at one of the imiver- sities of Scotland, and at Queen's College, Cambridge ; was successively curate of St. Bride's, domestic chaplain to Dr. \Vad<lington, bishop of Chichester; rector of St. Vedast, in Foster Lane, London. In 1729 he was appoint- ed clerk of the closet to queen Caroline; in 1733 be- came dean of Wells; in 1730, bishop of St. Asaph; was translated to the see of Worcester in 1743, and died in 1759. Dr. Madox published a number of Sei-mons (Lon- don, 1734-53), and a review of the first volume of Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, entitled A Vindication of the Gov- ernment, Doctrine, and Worship of the Church of Eng- land established in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (1733, 8vo). — AUibone, Diet, of Brit, and Amer. Axithors, s. v. ; Hook, Eccles. Biog. vii, 208.
Madras, one of the three presidencies of the Indian Empire, occupies the greater part of the south of the peninsula of Hindustan, including the coast lands, ]\Ial- abar, the Laccadive Islands, and the Coromandel coast, in all covering an area of 257,871 square mUes, with 38,909,280 inhabitants (of which, according to Behm, Geogr..Tahrbuch, 1870, eleven twelfths are Hindus, and some 80,000 adherents of Mohammedanism). The trib- utary states Mysore, Cochin, Travancore, Pudocotta, and Djayapur are virtually a part of Madras, and are there- fore included in our statistics of Madras. The capital of this presidency, is a city of like name, and is situated on the Coromandel coast, the western shore of the Bay of Bengal, in lat. 13^ 5' N. It stretches along the coast, with its nine suburbs, for nine miles, with an average breadth of three and one half miles. Its inhabitants number 400,000 (1807), among them about 21,000 na- tive Christians. Madras was the first hold of the Eng- lish secured by the occupation of Fort George (situated on the coast midwa}' between the north and south ex- tremities of the city) in 1039. It is no^v truly an Indo- European city. Like Calcutta and Bombay, it is a gathering-place for the missionaries of the different de- nominations and associations, and the basis for all mis- sionary enterprise in southern India. IMadras is the seat of the Anglican see of Madras, established in 1835. The missionarj' societies at work there are the " Society for the Propagation of the Gospel," the " London Mission- ary Society," the " Church INIissionarj' Society" (which starte<l in 1805), the " Wesleyan Missionary Society," the " Church of Scotland," the "American Board" (com- menced there in 1830), and the "Free Church of Scot- land." Its principal buildings and institutions are the Government House, a handsome edifice, though much