Real-EncyUopddie, ix, 105 sq. ; Pierer, Univeisal-Lexi- kon, x, 884 ; Enyl. Cyclojnedia, s. v. ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Generale, xxxiii, 618 sq. (J. N. P.)
Marianists, an order of knighthood. See Ksigiit- iiooi), p. 132 (iv) ; Teutonic Knights.
Marianus Scotus, a noted ecclesiastic, was born in Ireland or Scotland A.I). 1028 ; became a monk ; trav- elled on the Continent in 1058, especially in Germany, and frequented the German monasteries of Cologne, Ful- da, and Mentz, and died A.D. 1086. Marianus Scotus was the first to correct the inaccurate chronologies of the chronicles in his Chronicon (3 vols, to 1084 ; contin- ued by Dodechin up to 1200). It is published among the Sci-iptoi-es reruni Germanicarum by Struve and oth- ers. The most valuable is the 3d volume, treating of the Carlovingian and following emperors. See Hansen, De antirjuiss. codice chronici Mariani Scoti (Frankfort- on-the-Oder, 1782).
Mariastein, a noted place of pilgrimage in the Swiss canton of Solothurn, is annually visited by some 60,000 persons. The pilgrimages to this place began in the Middle Ages, and continue unabated to our day. During the first and second French Kevolutions the place was ransacked by the French soldiers, but the mo- nastics of the adjoining convent repaired and rebuilt it each time. See Wetzer u.A\'elte, Kirchen-Lex. xii, 767.
Mariazell, a famous place of pilgrimage in Aus- tria, situated on the north border of the crown-land of Styria, twenty-four miles north of Bruck. It consists of a number of inns or lodging-houses, and contains 1200 inhabitants. It is visited by 300,000 pilgrims annually, who come hither to paj' homage to an image of the Vir- gin believed to possess the power of working miracles, which was brought to Mariazell about 1157 by the Benedictine St.Lambrecht. A pilgrim chapel was first erected there about 1200 by margrave Henry I of jNIora- via. King Louis I of Hungary built a pilgrim church in 1343. The large pilgrim church now standing was built near the end of the 17th centurj' ; the miracle- working image is within a chapel, closed by a lieavy gate of solid silver. During the great annual proces- sion from Vienna, the greater part of the pilgrims of both sexes spend the night in the woods in drinking, singing, and general riot and debauchery. See Hillbach, Der Pilger u. Tourist nach Maria-Zell (Vienna, 1857, 8vo).
Marie a la Coque, a visionary, whose real name was Margaret, was born Jidy 22, 1647, at Lauthecour, in the tliocese of Autun, France. She boasted of religious transports, and heavenly visions and revelations, besides which she is reputed to have worked manifold wonders. She evinced a deep aversion to all evil in her infancy, and from her fourth year maintained an intimate communion with God. On the death of her father, which took place in the eighth year of her age, she entered a convent. Attributing the cure of a disease that had afllicted her during four years to the A'irgin Mary, she gratefully adojited tlie name " Marie," and always used it by pref- erence. She entered the Order of Salesians on the 27th of August, 1671. as a novice, and on the 6th of Novem- ber, 1672, took the veil. From this time she claimed to be constantly favored witli visions and revelations, and is sajd to have performed many miracles; such were her transports that she carved in large letters the name of Jesus on her breast. She had knowledge of the time when she should die, and prepared for that event in deep retirement, closing her life Oct. 17, 1690. Slic left a small work of a mystical character, entitled Pa dera- tion an cuur de Ji-sus, and otliers of a similar nature. Her life was published by Jean Joseph Languet under the title La rie de la venerable mere Marguerite Marie ; but her memory has been kept alive chiefly through the four songs, IV/'-TVjV, in OCums de M. Cresset (Am- stcrd. 174^!), i, 9-45. On the 4th of February, 1836, the advocate of tiio pontifical consistory addressed the pope, for the first time, on the process of her beatification;
MARIE
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but Talleyrand, as bishop of her native diocese, had al- ready sought to effect her canonization during the last decennials of the 18th century. — HeizoQ, Real- Encyklop. XX, 92 sq. (G. M.)
Marie de l'Ixcarnation, a French female mission- ary, wliose original name was Gwjard, was born at Tours in lo'Ji). She early joined the Ursuline nuns; visited Canada in 1639, where she made many converts among the Indians; and founded a convent of her order. She died in 1672. See Charlevoix, Vie de la Mere Marie de V Incarnation; Biographie Universelle, s.v.
Marietu, a celebrated Hindu sage or dcmi-god, was, according to one account, the son of Brahma — accord- ing to another, tlie son of Bhrigu. He was the father of Kasyapa.' By some he is considered as the god of '• light," which appears to be the etymological significa- tion of his name. See Moor, Hindu Pantheon; Insti- tutes of Manu, chap, i ; Thomas, Diet, of Biofj. and My- thdlnf/ij, s. v.
Marillac, Ciiaki.es de, a noted prelate of the Church of Kome, was born at Auvergne, in France, about 1510. He was advocate in the Parliament of Paris when, perceiving himself suspected of Lutheranism, he follow- ed John de la Forest, ambassador of France to Constan- tinople, and thus avoided persecution from the inquisi- tors. He afterwards became abbot of St. Pere and arcli- bishop of Yienne; also counsellor in the privy council when tlie assembly of notables convened at Fontaine- bleau in 1560, and in it advocated the calling of a na- tional council and a meeting of the states-general, but without much effect. He endeavored to talvc measures to prevent the mischiefs threatening the country at that time, but, despairing of success, he became melancholic, was preyed upon by disease, and died at his abbey of St. Pere, in December, 1560. See Bayle, Ilist. Diet. s. v.