Martini, Antonio, an Italian prelate, was born at Prato in 1720. Having chosen an ecclesiastical career, and possessing a good knowledge of the ancient lan- guages, he occupied his time in translating the sacred writings into Italian. Pius YI, informed of his merits, appointed him bishop of Bobio (1778); afterwards the grand duke of Tuscany called him to the archiepiscopa- cy of Florence (1781). Martini was greatly opposed to aU new itleas, and decidetUy manifested liis opinion in haughtily condemning the doctrines of Ricci in the synod.
Martini, Corneille, a learned Belgian Lutheran, was born at Antwer]) in 1567, and was educated in Ger- many, where he took the degree of doctor of arts and theology. In 1691 he taught logic in his native city,
and for thirty years filled that chair successfulh". He died at Helmstiidt, Dec, 17, 1621, at the age of fifty-four. His works are De Subjecto et fini Logicce (Lemgo, 1597, 12mo): — Metaphijsica Commentatio, compendiose, suc- cincte, et perspicve covipj-ehendens universiim metiqihysices docti-inam (Strasburg, 1605, 12mo, et al.) : — De Analysi logica (Helmst. 1619, et al.) : — Commentarius in Apuleii librum TTtpi tpiJit]vtiag (Frankfort, 1621, 12mo) : — Com- mentcn-ioiitm logicorum udversus Ramistas Libri quinque (Helmst. 1623, 12mo) : — Ethica : — Compendium Tkeolo- gice. See Hoefer, iVo^r. Biog. Generale, vol. xxxiv, s, v.
Martini, Giambattista, best known under the title of " Padre Martini," was born at Bologna in 170G. Early in youth he entered the Order of St. Francis, and, prompted by a spirit of incjuirj' and love of antiquity, soon set out on travels which he extended to Asia. On his return to Europe, he devoted himself to the study of music under the celebrated Ant. Perti. In 1723 he be- came maestro di capella of the convent of his order, which office he retamed till his death in 1784. "He was," says Dr. Burney, who knew him well, " regarded during the last fifty j-ears of his life as the most pro- found harmonist, and the best acquainted with the art and science of music, in Italy. All the great masters of his time were ambitious of becoming his disciples and proud of his approbation." Martini was also a com- poser, and produced much music for the Church, which was formerly held in esteem. His sixty canons in the unison, for two, three, and four voices, are still known, and admired for their smoothness and grace. His rep- utation depends, however, mainly on his Essay on Coun- terpoint (Bologna, 1774, 2 vols, folio), and on his History of Music (1781, 3 vols. 4to). See English Cyclop, s. v.
Martini, Martino, a .Jesuit missionary, was born at Trent in 1614, visited China, and published, after his return, De Bella Tiirturico in Sinis, which was trans- lated into the principal European languages; also an cxciUent map of China ("Atlas Sinensis"), and & His- tory of China previous to the Christian ^Era. He died in 1661.
Martini, Raymond, a Spanish Dominican friar, noted for his great attainments as an Orientalist, was born at Sobirats, Catalonia, near the middle of the 13th century. At a general chapter held at Toledo in 1250, Martini was selected as among the most promising and talented of his order to be educated as a defender of the faith. Spain was at this time the great centre of Jew- ish and Slohammedan scholarship, and the Dominican general Raymond de Penafort was bent upon a polem- ical Avar with the " heretics." To defray the expenses of educating such of the priests and friars as might act as polemics, Raymond had secured a pension from the kings of Castile and Aragon. Both Hebrew and Arabic were assiduously studied by jNIartini, who, after having sufficiently qualified himself by the mastery of these Shemitic tongues, promptly commenced his attack on the Jews in a work entitled Pvgio fidei, which he finish- ed in 1278. He is also reputed to have written Capis- tnim Judeenrum, and also A Confutation of the Alcoran. Tlie time of his decease is not generally known. The great knowledge which IMartini displayed in liis com- ments on the boo^s and opinions of the Jews, has made some unjustly imagine that he was of tliat religion. The " Pugio fidei" is said to have been greatly oidarged after Martini's death. AVe are told tliat Bosijuet, who died bishop of Montpelier, fell upon the manuscript, while he was with great ardor rummaging all the cor- ners of the library of the College de Foix at Toulouse, about 1629, read it, and, after copying some things out of it, gave it to James Spiegel, a learned German, and his preceptor in tlic Hebrew tongue. Spiegil advised Maussac to publish it ; but the latter, thougli very able to do it himself, had for an assistant Mr. de Voisin, son of a counsellor in the Parliament at Bourdeaux, who took upon him the greatest part of the task. Thomas Turc, general of the Dommicans, was very earnest iu
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spurring on the promoters of this edition ; and, not sat- islied with soliciting them by letters equally importu- nate and obliging, he gave orders that they sliould be provided with all the manuscripts of the " Pugio tidei" that could be recovered. In short, the Dominican Or- der interested themselves so much in it that they bore the charges of the impression, which was made at Paris in 1G51.