Olivieri, Augustin, a Genoese prelate, was bom in Genoa in 1758. He entered the Mere-de-Dieu, and taught philosophy at Naples. King Ferdinand I con- fided to him the education of his son (afterwards Fran- cis I). Olivieri followed the Bourbons to Sicily, and attached himself to their fortune. He was rewarded, upon their restoration, by the bishopric in j^artibus of Arethusa. He died at Naples June 10, 1834. We have of his works, Filosofia morale, ossia Ii doveri delV uomo (Genoa, 1828, 2 vols. 12mo). See Notizie Romane; L'Ami de la Religion, aun. 1834. — Hoefer, N^ouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 648.
Olivieri, Domenico, an Italian painter, was born at Turin in 1079. According to Delia Valle, he excelled in painting subjects requiring humorous talent for cari- cature, and in this has seldom been surpassed. Lanzi says : " In his time the royal collection was enriched at the death of Prince Eugene by the addition of nearly four hundred Flemish pictures ; and none profited more than Olivieri from the study of these works. But, al- though he chiefly painted in what the Italians style Bambocciate, he was yet perfectly competent to execute works in the higher -^valks of history, as is proved by his Miracle of the Sacrament, in the sacristy of Corpus Domini in his native city." He died in 1755. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, ii, 627.
Olmstead, James Munson. D.D., an American Pres- byterian divine of note, was born at Stillwater, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1794; was educated at Union College, class of 1819; then studied at the Princeton Theological Sem- inary, class of 1822 ; was licensed to preach immediately after graduation, and performed missionary work until 1825, when he was ordained pastor of the churches at Landisburg and Centre; subsequently became pastor at Middle Tuscarora, Flemington, N. J., and Snow Hill, Md. He died at Philadelphia Oct. If), 1870. Besides Sermons and Essaxjs, he published Thoughts and Coun- sels for the Impenitent (1846) :— Our First Mother (1852): — and Noah and his Times (1853).
Olof Skotkoxung (Tribute-Hng), the first Christian king of Sweden, reigned from 995 until his death, 1022, He was the son of Erik Segers;ill and Sigrld the Proud, From his father he inherited Denmark, but in 999 he gave it, with his mother's approval, to Svend Forkbeard.
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He fought at the battle of Swolder, where the Norse king Olaf Tryggveson fell. For several j'ears after that bat- tle (1000) Norway had to pay a yearly tax to king Olof, and hence his name Skutkonung. He and his courtiers are believed to have been baptized about the year 1001. He had been instructed in Christianity by Siegfried, an Englishman, who, next after St. Ansgarius, is the most famous apostle of the North. This good man devoted a long life to the work of converting the pagan Swedes, and died at a great age among the people of Smaland, with whom he had begim his labors. But although Olof became a Christian, and provided for the preaching of the Gospel among his subjects, still the Asa-faith continued to flourish among the Swedes, and they cannot be said to have become completely Chris- tianized before 1150, Olof established a bishopric at Skara, the mother see of the North. He died in 1022, leaving the kingdom to his son and joint ruler Anund. See I'etersen, Norr/es Scerigesog Banmarks Historie; Munchs, Det Norske Folks Historie; Otte, Scandinavian History. (R. B. A.)
Olonne, Jeax-Marie d', a French Hebraist, was born at Toulon in the first years of the 18th century, and probably belonged to the ancient family Tillia d'Olonne, which still remains at Carpentras. He was a Carmelite of the province of Avignon. We have of his works, Lexicon Hebraico - Chaklaico - Latino - Biblicum (Avignon, 1765, 2 vols, fol.) ; vol. iii, which was prom- ised, never appeared. This work, without the author's name, has been placed under the auspices of cardinal Dominicus Passionei. See Achard, Diet, de la Pi-o- vence ; Barjavel, Diet. hist, du Vaucluse. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Genirale, xxxviii, 657.
Olotzaga, Giovanni de, an eminent Spanish ar- chitect, was a native of Biscay, and flourished during the latter part of the 15th century. His instructor is not mentioned, but he attained great excellence in the art. He erected the cathedral of Huesca, in Aragon, on the site of the celebrated mosque Mislegda. This work gained him great reputation, and is much admired for its fine proportions. Milizia says : " The principal fat^-ade is grant!, with fourteen statues larger than life on each side of the entrance, placed on pedestals within niches; above these are forty -eight smaller statues, a foot in height." Under the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Grecian style of architecture became prevalent in Spain, and was adopted by Olotzaga. Among his principal works in that manner were the great college of Santa Cruz at Valladolid, commenced in 1480 and completed in 1492 ; also the Foundling Hospital at Toledo, and the great college of St. Ildefonso, founded by cardinal Ximenes. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii, G27 sq.
Olshausen, Hermann, a German Protestant the- ologian, noted especially as an exegete, was born Aug. 21, 1796, at Oldesloe, in the duchy of Holstein. From 1814 to 1818 he studied theology at Kiel and Berlin ; at the former university Twesten, and at the latter Nean- der and Schleiermacher, lectured in those times. He applied himself particularly to historical theology, and his first work, which was a prize-essaj^ Melanchthon's Charakteristik aus seinen Biiefen durgestellt (Berlin, 1817), brought him to the attention of the Prussian minister of public worship. In the year 1818 he be- came licentiate in theology and '• privat docent" in the university; in 1821 he was elected extraordinary pro- fessor at Ktinigsberg, where he taught till 1834, and where at first he also belonged to the theosophic cir- cle inaugurated by J. II. Schiinherr. In the year 1827 he was made a regular professor, and in 1834 ac- cepted a call to a theological professorship at Erlangen, hoping that a change of climate would help his health, which had become very much impaired by overwork ; but he did not realize what he anticipated, and died Sept. 4, 1839, in the prime of life. Besides his prize- essay, he wrote, Historice eccles. veteris monumenta (Ber-