lin, 1820-22) : — Die Aechtheit der vier kanonischen Evan- gelien, aiis der Geschichte der zwei ersten Juhrhunderte erwiesen (KiJnigsberg, 1823) : — Ein Wort iiher tieferen Schriftsinn (ibid. 1824) : — Die Bibl. Schriftauslegung : — Noch ein Wort iiber tieferen Schriftsinn (Hamburg, 1825), where he rejects the belief of a literal, mechanical in- spiration as taught by the Protestant divines of the 17th century, and as held to this day by most of the popular Englisli commentators. But his principal work — the one on which his immortality rests, a work of real genius, which, like Neander's Church History, has become already, we may say, a standard of English and American, as well as German literature— is his Com- nientar iiber sdmmtliche Schi-ifien des Neuen Testaments (Kiinigsberg, 1830 sq., vols, i-iv), completed and re- vised after the author's death by doctors Ebrard and Wiesinger. "The principal merit and greatest charm of Olshausen's exegesis lies in its spirit. He excels be- yond most commentators in what we may call the art of organic reproduction of the sacred text, and the ex- planation of Scripture by Scripture. The philological portions are often too brief and unsatisfactory for the advanced scholar; but he pays the more careful atten- tion to the theological exposition, enters into the mar- row of religious ideas, and introduces the student to the spirit and inward unity of the divine revelation in its various stages of development under the old and new dispensation. He has an instinctive power of seizing, as if by a sacred sympathy, the true meaning of the inspired writer, and bringing to light the hidden con- nections and transitions, the remote allusions and far- reaching bearing of the text. There is nothing me- chanical and superficial about him. He is always working in the mines and digging at the roots. Some- times his mysticism carries him beyond the limits of sober criticism. But there is a peculiar charm in his mysticism, and even its occasional mistakes are far preferable to that cold, dry, and lifeless exegesis which weighs the spiritual and eternal truths of God in the scales of Aristotle's logic, Kiihner's grammar, and Wahl's dictionarj-. Fritzsche and Strauss may sneer at some expositions of Olshausen, but the pious student will read him with delight and profit, and regard the spiritual depth and the warm glow of a profoundh' pious heart as the sweetest charm and highest recommendation of his work. He approaches the Bible Avith devout reverence as the AVord of the living (Jod, leads the reader into the sanctissimum, and makes him feel that here is the gate of heaven" (Schaff). Olshausen's commentary was translated into English for Clark's Foreign Theological Library, and has been revised and republished on this side of the water Avith additional notes, together with Olshausen's valuable tract on the Genuineness of the Writings of the New Testament (transl. by Fosdick), as an appropriate introduction, by Prof. A. C. Kendrick, of Rochester (New York, 1863, 6 vols.). See Liibker, Lexi- kon der Schleswig- Holstein. Schriftsteller von 1796-1828 (2d div. p. 413 sq.); llhemwaldt, A llg. TieTpertor. fur Theol. Literatur (ed. 1840, pt. vii), p. 91-94; Herzog, Real- Encyklojy. s. v. ; Theologisches Universal-Lexikon, 8. V. , Kitto, Cyclop, s. V, ; Schaff, Germany : its Uni- versities, Theology, and Religion, p. 295 sq. ; Kurtz, Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte, ii, 270, 310 (Engl, transl. ii, 362-408); Kahnis, Hist. Protestant Theol. p. 268; Pye- Smith, Lntrod. to Theology, p. 349, 697; Alzog (Rom. Cath.), Kirchengesch. ii, 709 ; Meth. Qu. Rev. April, 1859, p. 254 ; Hagenbach, Hist. Doctiines, ii, 470 ; Bert. Allgem. Kirchenzeitung, 1839, No. 76. (J. H.W.)
Olym'pas {OXvfiTrag, from the same etymology as Olympius [q. v.]), a Christian at Rome, saluted by Paul in his epistle to the Church in that city (Rom. xvi, 15). A.D. 55. The context, perhaps, implies that he was of the household of Philologus. It is stated by pseudo-Hippolytus that he was one of the seventy dis- ciples, and underwent martyrdom at Rome ; and Ba- ronius ventures to give A.D. 69 . as the date of his death.
OLYMPIA MORATA
364
OMAN"
Olympia Morata. See Morata. Olympiad. See ^Eua. Olympic Games. See Gamp:s.
Olympiodorus, a Neo-Platonic philosopher, was a native of Alexandria, and lived probably in the latter part of the 6th century A.D. There are extant by him commentaries on the First A Icihiades, the Phmdo, the Gorgias, and F'liilebus of Plato. The first-mentioned of these commentaries contains a life of Plato. His commentary on the Gorgias was published by Routh in his edition of the " Gorajias" and " Euthydemus" (Ox- ford, 1784) ; that on the Plmdo by Andreas Mustoxydes and Demetrius Schinas in the avWoyi) cnroffTraeriuaTitiiv aveKSoTwv (Venice, 1817) ; that on the Philehus by Stallbaum in his edition of the "Philebus;" and that on the First Alcibindes by Creutzer, in tlie 2d and od volumes of the Inilia Philosoph. ac Theolog. ex Platoni- cis Fontibus (Frankf. 1826). In estimating Olympio- dorus from these publications of his, it Avould appear that he was an acute and vigorous thinker, and a man of great erudition.
Olympiodorus of Alexandria, a Greek monk, said also to have been a deacon of a church in Alex- andria, is believed to have lived in the first part of the 6th century A.D. He was a Peripatetic in philosophy, and wrote a commentary on the Meteorologica of Aris- totle, which was printed by Aldus (^"enice, 1561, fol.). He is sometimes called the Younger, to distinguish him from the Peripatetic philosopher of the same name who was the master of Proclus, but who is not known to us by any extant work. He also wrote a commentary on JEcclesiastes, which is printed in the Aiictariiim Pair. Due. ii, 602 sq., and in the Bibl. Max. Patr. xviii, 490. His Notes on Job are included in the Catena of Nicetas on that book (Lond. 1637, fol.) ; and his Notes on Jere- miah in the Catena Ghisteriana.