Ott, Johann Baptist. See Ott, Johann Hein- Ricn.
Ott, Johann Heinrich, a noted Swiss Protestant divine and Orientalist, was born in the canton of Zurich
OTTAVIANI
483
OTTERSON
in 1617. His father, also a minister in the countr\-, placed him at Zurich under the care of the distinguished Breit- inger. In 1636 he went to study at Lausanne; some- time after at Geneva and Grossingen, in the company of Hottinger; after rapid advancement under professors Gomar and Alting, he went to Leyden and Amsterdam. Here for live years he applied himself to the study of rabbinical learning and the Oriental languages. He then returned to Switzerland, making the tour of Eng- land and France. After his arrival home he became minister of the Church of Dietlickon, where he remained twenty-five years. In 1651 he was appointed professor of eloquence at Zurich, of Hebrew in 1655, and of eccle- siastical history in 1668. He died in 1682. Ott main- tained an extensive literary correspondence. He wrote principally on theology. The following is a complete list of his works : Franco Gallia : — Oratio de causa Jan- senitica: — Qucestio, an et quando Petrus fuit Romce : — The Grandeur of the Roman Church (in Latin, with Remarks): — OvofiaToXoyia, seu nomina hominum pro- pria:— Annales Anahaptistici: — Examinis perpetui in annales Ccesaris Baronii, centurice (i-es: — Vindicice hujus tractatus adversus A hhatem Reding : — Oratio in coni- mendaiionem studii Hehraici: — De resurrectione : — Ba- ronii examinis continuatio ad xiii sceculum usque : — De magia licita et illicita: — De alphabetis et ratione scri- bendi omnium nationum : — Universa poesis philologice tractata, etc.
His son, JoHANN Baptist, an Orientalist and anti- quarian, was born in 1661. He became professor of Hebrew at Zurich about 1702, and wrote several anti- quarian treatises. He died shortly after his appoint- ment to the professorship at Zurich.
Ottaviani, Carlo, an Italian engraver, was born about the 18th century. He engraved ten of the thir- ty-three plates published under the following title : Le pitture della capella pontijicia Quirinale, opera di Guide Reni, disegnate da Pietro Angelleti ed incise da Giov. e Carlo fratelli Ottaviani.
Ottaviani, Giovanni, an Italian engraver, was born at Kome in 1735. He visited Venice, where he studied under Wagner, and engraved several prints. On returning to Rome he soon gained reputation, and became highly esteemed. His principal work was his collection of engravings after the pictures by Raphael in the Loggio of the Vatican, of which the first part appeared in twelve numbers (Kome, 1769-1770, fol.) ; the second in thirteen numbers (1776). Among his other prints the following are most noted, St. Jerome with a Crucifix, after Guercino, *S7. Cecilia; and An- gelica and Medora; and twenty-three plates from the paintings by Raphael in the Vatican.
Ottensosser, David, of Fiirth, distinguished as a translator and interpreter of Biblical books as well as of other Hebrew works, died ]May 22, 1858, at an age of 74 years. Of his many pulilications we mention : the Book of Job, translated into German, with a Hebrew commentary, "ilXlil "liirrX Dirnn ti'J miN (Offen- bach, 1807) : — Isaiah, with a German translation and a Hebrew commentary (Furth, 1807) : — the Lamentations of Jeremiah, with a Hebrew commentary (ibid. 1811) : — a German translation of the Chaldee paraphrase of the Book of Esther, x" 3 a "irDX hv main (Sulzbach, 1820) : — a Hebrew commentary to the Bechinat-Olum of Jedid Penini (q. v.) (Vienna, 1830) :— a German trans- lation of and a Hebrew commentarj' on Petachja's (q. v.) Travels (Fiirth, 18 14) :— a History of the Jews according to Josephus, in Hebrew letters (ibid. 1821,3 vols.): — Tj'^'1 tT^T2, a Commentary on the Pentateuch, excerpt- ed from Maimonides's (q. v.) Afore Nehuchim (ibid. 1804) : — 'J?'^'^^7 ri> Vcri, i. e. a refutation of the charge that the Jews use the blood of Christians, and the ground- lessness of this charge (ibid.):— ^0 ^'2 I'l^lSO, Moral Tales of the Past (ibid. 1846) :— nST i'nr)X or nilSS
rfliatl, letters on the More Nehuchim of Maimonides, translated into German, with notes and annotations (ibid. 1846, 1848, and 1856). See Flirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 58 sq. ; Allgemeine Zeiiung des Judenthums, 1856, p. 357, 473; Dessauer, Geschichte der Israeliten (Breslai;, 1870), p. 545. (B. P.)
Otterbein, Philip William, a noted divine, wasi born June 4, 1726, at Dillenburg, Germany, and is! commonly acknowledged as the founder of the United \ Brethren in Christ (q. v.). His father was rector of a classical school at Herborn, and gave his son a thor- ' ough classical and theological education. He early felt a strong desire to labor in some foreign land. This wish was gratified in 1752, when, at the instance of Rev. Michael Schlatter (q. v.), he received a call as minister of the German Reformed Church in America. Having, with five other young ministers, been ordained at the Hague, he sailed with them to New York, where they arrived July 27 of the same j-ear. Otterbein was first settled at Lancaster, Pa., in August, 1752. At the urgent solicitation of the Church he remained until the close of 1758, although he was much dissatisfied with the lack of discipline which prevailed. From 1758 to 1760 he labored at Tulpehocken, Pa.; from 1760 to 1765, at Frederick, Md. ; from 1765 to 1770, at York, Pa. He visited Germany in 1770, and returning to York in 1771, remained there until 1774. In that year he accepted a call from the new congregation in Baltimore, which, in 1770, had separated from the old Church. There he re- mained for the rest of his days. He died Nov. 17, 1813. A man of ardent piety and apostolical spirit, endowed with extraordinary power as a preacher, he exerted a great influence among his brethren, and extended his work beyond the limits of his own Church. He pro- claimed the necessity of regeneration and of a holy life with great force and directness. He took part in union meetings, held often in the woods and kept up for several days. He instituted prayer-meetings, and trained pious laymen to lead them; and he maintained a close fellowship with men of like mind in other relig- ious denominations, especially with Martin Bohm, a Mennonite, and with Asburj' and Wright, whom John Wesley sent to labor in America. In 1784 he assisted Dr. Coke in ordaining Asbury as the first bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. On Sept. 2.5, 1800, in conjunction with Bohm, he convened a conference at Baltimore. It was attended by thirteen ministers, and resulted in the organization of the society of the United Bi-ethren in Christ. Otterbein is said to have been elected their first bishop or superintendent. This, how- ever, is denied by Dr. Harbaugh, in his Fathers of the German Reformed Chuirh (ii, 53-76), who saj-s that no bishop was elected until 1813, and proves by sub- stantial evidence that Otterbein never left the com- munion of the German Ketbrmed Church. Otterbein worked for a revival in the Church, and not for an or- ganization out of it. When he saw that the movement was tending to this result, " he held on to it, not to or- ganize it, but to prevent its organization; not to carry it forward, but to restrain and control it. Only when the case became hopeless did he withdraw. In the quietude of old age, he silently mourned over the evil"' (Fath. of the Ger. Ref. Church, ii, 71). It would there- fore appear that while Otterbein was practically the founder of the United Brethren in Christ, he did not intend to establish a new religious denomination ; and, like John Wesley, never really severed his connection with his own Church. See, besides Harbaugh, Corwin, Ma7iual of the Ref. Church in Amer. p. 173 sq. ; Drake, Diet, of A mer. Biog. s. v. (E. de S.)