Papadopoli, Niceola Commenus, a noted Ital- ian theologian, was born Jan. 6, 1655, in the isle of Candia. When eleven jears old he came to Rome, where he was educated in the college of St. Athana- sius. In 1672 he joined the Order of the Jesuits, whom he afterwards left. In 1688 he was appointed profess- or of canon law in the University of Padua, and died in 1740 (Jan. 20). Besides a number of dissertations on ecclesiastical law, he wrote, De differentia Gnecorum et Latinorum episcoporuni : — Pnenotationes mijstngogicce ex jure cunonico (Venice. 1697), in which two works he endeavors to show that the ditierence between the Latin and Greek churches is only a verj' small matter. He also left in MS. Instltuta Grceco-Latina dlvisa in if lihros ; and a voluminous work of thirteen volumes, entitled Opus armorum, in which he treats of the saints in the Greek Church. See Fabricius, BibL Grcec. (ed. Harles), vol. xi; Jocher, Allgemeines GeleIirten-Len:ikon, iii, 1232; continued by Rottermund, v, 151^; Theolo- gisches Universal-Lexiko7i, s. v.
Papaeus, a Scythian name oi Zeus (Jupiter).
.Papal Catalogues are the principal source for the history of tlie Roman bishops down to the 0th cen- tury. These catalogues are divided into two classes, the Greek and the Latin. Of the earliest Greek are the lists given by Irenoeus {Adv. Hares, iii, 3, 3) and by Eusebius {Chronica and Hist. Eccles.). Jerome has depended altogether on Eusebius, and is therefore of importance only in so far as he supplements or cor- rects Eusebius. Of the later Greek chronicles are to be regarded the Xpoi'uypa(j)iTov avvrof-iov of the year 853; George Sj^ncellus, and his continuator The- ophanes, the chronograph}' of patriarch Nicephorus ; all based for the first three centuries on Eusebius. Of the Latin, and the most important for the first three centuries, is the so-called Catalogus Liberianus, which is found in the collection by the chronograph of the year 354, and goes down to the time of Liberius (352- 356). On it is based the so-called Felician catalogue (till Felix IV, t 530), also the Liber Pontificalis. The Catalogus Liberianus M'as followed by the Catalo- gus Leoninus (composed under Leo the Great), which comes down to Sixtus III. Further cataloguing pro- gressed down to the popes of the 6th centurv (among them one in several handwritings comes to Hormisdas, f 523). These are followed b}' the Catalogus Felici- anus, of which the ]'itcB Paparum, together with a Codex Canomim, coming down to Felix IV, are the first four of the Liber Pontificalis (q. v.). See Lipsius, Chronoliigie der romischen Bischi'ife (Kiel, 1869).
Pape, Gabriel, an American rabbi, was born in Germany about 1813. He came to this countr}- about 1843, and, though then a young man, found favor at Philadelpliia, and was at once made rabbi of the con- gregation Beth Isi'aeK Arriving in Philadelphia when the Jews were few in number, he was enabled to con- tinue his ministrations to a time when the local Jew-
ish population was extensive and influential, possess- ing a half-dozen spacious synagogues, manj- charitable institutions, and a name for probity and intelligence unexcelled by any in the land. He died in 1872. In his last j'ears of the ministry Mr. Pape did not ap- pear much in puljlic, limiting his efforts to mere con- gregational work ; but he was alwaj's one of the most energetic and useful of the Jewish citizens of Phila- delpliia. He figured proniinentl}' in the Board of Jewish Ministers, and was beloved by his flock and esteemed bj' the entire community. He was a mild, estimable, and pious gentleman, of deep erudititm, un- affected worth, and unobtrusive waj's. See Jeicuh Messenger, N. Y., Jan . 8, 1872. (J. H . W.)
Papebroch (more correctly Papebioek), Dan- iel, a learned Belgian Jesuit, was born at Antwerp March 17, 1628 ; entered the Society of Jesus in 1645, and was by that body educated. He then became a teacher for a while, but finalh' decided to study the- ology, and went to Louvain. In 1658 he was ordained priest, but instead of taking a pastorate he taught philosophy in his native place, until Bolland em- plo3'ed him as assistant in the Acta Sanctorum. In 1660 the learned editor of the Acta sent Papebroch to Italy to search the archives, and there he was engaged until 16G2. After his return home Papebroch wrote the biographj' of St. Patricius, and later, with Hen- schen, composed the Acta of the month of INIarch, tlien April all alone ; and the first three volumes, and finally four volumes with Baert and Jenning, writing May and part of June. As Papebroch denied the pre- tended origin of the Carmelite Order from the prophet Elias, he was severely attacked by that order. He was also subjected to trial by the Inquisition, and its tribunal at Toledo condemned, in 1695 and 1697, the fourteen volumes of the Acta tSS. as heretical. At Rome, however, only the chronology of the popes in the Propylteum ad SS., month of Ma}', eighth volume, was condemned. A controversy resulted, and con- tinued until 1698, when the Congregatio Indicis com- manded both parties to be silent, and threatened with excommunication the disobedient. This ended the strife. Papebroch died June 28, 1714. His biography is in Acta SS., month of June, vol. vi. (J. H. W.)
Papellards, a term used in the 18th century to designate the party which uncompromisingly support- ed the papac}'. It was applied chiefly to the mendi- cant friars and their adherents, and with special ref- erence to their pietistic affectation of poverty and their arrogant pretence of humility. William of St. Ar- mour (A.D. 1255) uses it not only in reference to the mendicant friars, but applies it also to "those .young men and maidens itinerating about in France, who, under pretence of living only for prayer, had really no other object in view than to get rid of work and live on the alms of the pious.'' When Louis IX was almost persuaded by the Dominicans to enter their order, he was nicknamed Rex Papellardus (comp. William of St. Amour. De pericidis 7iovissimorum temp., quoted in Neander's Ch. Hist, vii, 396, Bohn's ed.). It was also a name giv^n to the Beguins. See Robert de Sorbonne in Biblioth. Max. L^ugd. xxv, 350 ; Blunt, Diet. s. v.