PAUL
826
PAUL
V, 9; Sozonien, Hist. Eccles. iii, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20 ; iv, 2 ; Theodoret, Hist. Levies, i, 19 ; ii, 5, 0 ; Photius, Bibl. Cod. p. 257 ; Tillemoiit, Memoires, vii, 251, etc. ; Nealc, Hist, of the Ead. Ch. ii, 35 sq. — Smith, Diet, of Gr. (till Rom. Biog. and Mythol. iii, 147.
Paul II OF CoxsTANTiNOPLE, putriarcli of Con- stantinople, flourished in the 7th century. When, on the accession of Constans II as sole emperor, and the banishment of his colleague Heracleonas, the p.itriarcli Pj-rrhus was deposed, Paul succeeded to the patriarch- ate of Constantinople, of the Church of which he had been a presbyter, and also ceconomus. He was con- secrated patriarch in October, 012. He is charged ■with being a monothelite, and with having induced the emperor (A.D. G48) to issue an edict prohibiting all discussion of the question whether thore were in Christ one will or operation, or two. On account of his heretical opinions, he was declared by the poi)e Theodore I, in a council lield at Rome (A.D. 618), to be deposed; but as the pope had no power to enforce the sentence, though confirmed by the Lateran Coun- cil (A.D. 649), held under Theodore's successor in the papacy, Martin I, Paul retainad his patriarchate till his own death (A.D. 652). He even retaliated the at- tempts of the popes by urging the emperor to depose Martin, and exile him to Chersona, where he died. Paul died not long after the banishment of Martin, and is said to have repented of the evil which he had brought upon his antagonist. There are extant of the writings of Paul : Epistoli Th^odovo (i. e. pop3 Theo- dore, the predecessor of Martin) : — part of an Ejusiola ad Theodorum (i. e. Theodore of Pharan) : — part of an Epistola ad Jacobum — all printed in the Coiirilia {Con- ci'. Lateran. secret, iv, Concil. Constantiii. iii, act. x, vol. vi, ed. Labbe, col. 221, 837, 839, and vol. iii ed. Hardouin, col. 815, 121G,.1247). See Anastatius Biblio- thecarius, ddlectanea (Commemoratio eorum qua acta sunt in Martinum Papain, etc.), apud Galland, Bibli- oth. Patrum, xiii, 47; id. De Vitis Ryman. Pontf. {The- odori et Martini), apud Muratori, Rvrum ItaHc. Scrip- tores, vol. iii; Baronius, Annales, ad ann. 642, i, 618, i, etc. ; Cave, Iliit. Lilt, ad ann. 642, i, 585 ; Le Quien, Oriens Chrlstianus, vol. i, col. 229.
There were two other Pauls patriarchs of Constan- tinople, viz. Paul III (A.D. 686-632) and Paul IV (A.D. 780-784). — Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. an I }fiith(jl. iii, 148.
Paul OF Cordova. See Paulus, Alvahez.
Paiil DE LA Croix, generally known as Paul FranQois de Danei, founder of the Order of the Pas- sionists (((. v.), was born Jan. 3, 1694, at Ovieda, Ge- neva. He was early consecrated to a life of pietj^ and whila still a layman was intrusted by his bishop with teaching the catechism to children ; and this incited Paul to the design of establishing an order for the conversion of souls. To this end he assumed a men- dicant dress of black, to which he attached the em- blanis of Clirist's passion, and with bare feet and head he retired in 1720 to a hermit.ige, where he prepared himself by rigid mortitications to write the rules of the new society, with the aid of liis youngar brother, Jean- Baptiste. He then repaired to Home, where he was ordained priest by Benedict XIII, and returned to es- tablish his order, of which he was elected general. He died Oct. 18, 1775, and was canonized in 1852. See Ahn'f/e de la IVe de P. de la Croix (Tournay, 1857, 12mo). — Iloefer, ^our. Biog. Gcnirule, xxxix, 392.
Paul THE Df.acox (Paulus Diaconus), called also by his patronymic Wauxefkidls, one of the most learned ecclesiastics of the Middle Ages, is noted es- pecially as a historical writer and iconogr aphist. He was liorn about 740, at the town of I'Yiuli (Forum Julii). He became atticlied to thj court of Itachis, king of the Lombards, and received a superior education at Pavia. About 763 he left the court, and was ordained deacon of the Church at Aquileia. He returned to the court
on the invitation of Desiderius, successor of Rachis, by whom he was made chancellor. About the part of his life which followed the overthrow of the king- dom of Desiderius by Charlemagne in 774 we know nothing for certain ; but the most probable account is that he retired to a monaster}', and afterwards entered the celebrated monaster}' of Monte Casino, whence he addressed to Charlemagne in the A'ear 781 an elegj', in which he implores the release of a brother who had been taken prisoner in the Lombard war. About this time Charlemagne appears to have attached him to his court. Paul was employed to instruct in Greek the clergymen who were to accompany the emperor's daughter Rotrude in her journey to Constantinople to wed the son of the empress Irene. Paul visited France, and staj'ed some time at Metz, of the early bishops of which cit}' he wrote a history. He after- wards returned to Monte Casino, where he died about the j'ear 799. As a poet, Paul is spoken of in the most extravagant terms of praise hy his contemporary Peter of Pisa. His poems, which are reallj' good, con- sist chiefly of hymns and other short pieces in Latin. Of his hymns, the song in praise of John the Baptist is still in use in our daj- in the Roman Catholic Church. Paul's fame rests however chiefl}' on his merits as a his- torian. II is works were : Historia Miscellanea, a Roman history consisting of twenty-four books, of which the first eleven contain the histor}' of Eutropius ; the next five, bj' Paul himself, contain the period from the reign of Valentinian to that of Justinian ; the remaining books ar3 attributed to Landulphus Sagax. The best edi- tion of this work is in Muratori's " Rerum Italicarum Scriptores." This Roman historj' is a work of no great value at present, fur it is a mere compilation of works that have been preserved to us ; but in the Middle Ages it was greatly used, as the many MSS., recen- sions, and continuations of it attest : — De Gestis Longo- bardarum Libri Sex, a history of the Lombards ; his most valuable work. It is unfortunately incomplete; he lived to bri.ig it down only to the death of Luit- prand, in A.D. 744. There are several editions of this work. It is characterized by remarkable candor, and a stA-le unusually pure for that age. The high repute in which this work was long held is attested by the great number of MSS. and continuations. This is also contained in Muratori's collection : — Gcsta Episcoporum Metensium ; this history of the bishops of Metz was un- dertaken at the request of Angilram, bishop of Metz ; it was the first work of the kind south of the Alps, and became an example which was soon verj' general- ly followed: — Vita S. Gregorii Magni (later much in- terpolated) : — Excerpta from B^estus, •' De Yerborum Significatione." There are also extant a collection of homilies and two sermons which are attributed to him. Tlie Homiliarium was collected from the best sources at emperor Charlemagne's request, and was introduced into the whole Prankish Church. It was printed several times between the j'ears 1482 and 15G9, and translated into German and Spanish. Sea Wattenl)ach and Bethmann, Paulus Diaconus I^eben u. Schriften, in the " Archiv der Gesellschaft fur iiltere deutsche Geschichtskunde," vol. x (1851) ; Potthast, Bibl. Med. Alv. p. 484 sq., where the bibliography le- garding Paulus is almost complete; Piper, Monu- mental-Tlieoloqie, p. 828 sq. ; Mosheim, Eccles. Hist. vol. ii. (J. II. W.)